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Grade 7
Kelani Stupa
The Dageba or the Stupa at Kelani Viharaya is called by the names ' Kalyani Chaithyaya' and 'Kelani Seya'. Embedded inside the Stupa is the gem studded chair or the carpet that Lord Buddha made the sermons sitting on , to Chulodara and Mahodara Naga Kings and the followers during the Third visit of the Lord Buddha. The shape of this 90 feet high Stupa is called 'Dhanyakara' or 'the shape of a rice grain heap'. This Dageba had been renovated several times by kings Uttiya,Yatalatissa and the Parakramabahu IX. This has been built at the place where the Lord Budda and the Arahath Bikkus had stayed.
Jetawanaramaya
Anuradhapura is one of the ancient capitals of Sri Lanka, famous for its well-preserved ruins of ancient Lankan civilization. From the 4th century BC, it was the capital of Sri Lanka until the beginning of the 11th century AD. During this period it remained one of the most stable and durable centers of political power and urban life in South Asia. The ancient city, considered sacred to the Buddhist world, is today surrounded by monasteries covering an area of over sixteen square miles (40 km²). Anuradhapura is also significant in Hindu legend as the fabled capital of the Asura King Ravana in the Ramayana.
During the reign of king Gothabhaya (253-266 AC) a disagreement took place between the monks of Maha Vihara Monastery and the Abhayagiri Monastey regarding a certain doctrine. The king Gothabhaya took the side of the Maha Vihara and took severe measures against the monks of the Abhayagiri Monastey. During this time the monks of this monastery had to seek sanctuary in India. One of the disciples of the banished monks called Sangamitta thero decided to avenge the bikkus of Mahavihara. He came back to Sri Lanka and gained the favour of king Gothabhaya (253-266 AC) and was entrusted to teach his two sons prince Mahasena and Prince Jetthatissa. After their father’s death, the elder son prince Jetthatissa who was a supporter of the Mahavihara monks became the king and reigned for 10 years (266-276 AC). In 276 Mahasena (276-303) succeeded to the throne and the monk "Sangamitta" immediately came back to the island. He persuaded the king that the Mahaviharians laxed discipline and the monks of Abhayagiri Stupa preached the true doctrine of the Buddha. He also persuaded the king to order prohibition of giving arms to the Mahaviharians and they were forced to retreat to the hills and Rohana. Then Sangamittha thero persuaded the king to razor the Maha Vihara buildings and use the materials to build up a new rival institute within the boundaries of Maha Vihara itself. This became to known as the Jethawana. However this act brought a great and disastrous civil war and the monk Sangamitta was killed by the queen of the king. Later the king bowing down to public pressure restored the Maha Vihara buildings and ruled for 27 years Jethawana Stupa is the largest stupa in the Sri Lanka. It was originally 400 feet (122 meters) in height and was the third tallest building in the world at that time. Even today as a brick monument, Jethawanaramaya still remains the tallest of its kind in the world. Jethawanaramaya was built by King Mahasena (276-303) was completed by his son Sirimeghavanna. It is believed that this monument was built upon the enclosure where Mahinda Maha Thero was cremated. Recent excavation in the stupa has unearthed a one meter thick brick wall adjacent to a layer of ash and charcoal. This is believed to be the chamber where the remains of the great thero rest. As all other buildings in Anuradhapura this too was subjected to destruction by North Indian Invaders. Then when the Anuradhapura was finally abandoned as the capital in the 11th century this stupa with others were covered by the jungle. King Parakramabahu (12th century) in the Pollonaruwa era again tried to renovate this stupa and it was rebuilt to the current height, a reduction from the original height. Today it stands at 232 feet (71 meters) . Today this stupa is going through a painful and slow conservation to bring it to its ancient glory. Even today you can see massive trees which have come up on the stupa itself on the sides where reconstruction has not started. This image house is the largest of its kind found in Anuradhapura or Pollonnaruwa Era. The Entrance to this building is monolithic door which the pillars raise to 27 feet (8.3 metres) . There is proof that a massive Buddha statue once filled this image house. The statue is thought to be 37 feet (11.3 metres) high carved in limestone. Based on the calculations the whole building would have been 50 feet (15.25 metres) high. This is thought to be built by king Sena 1 (831-833) and has been destroyed by North Indian Colas in the 10th Century. It was rebuilt by later kings during the last stages of the kingdom
Abhayagiriya
The Abhayagiri Dagaba is situated in Anuradhapura. It is one of the most extensive ruins in the world and one of the most sacred Buddhist pilgrimage cities. Historically it was a great monastic centre as well as a royal capital, with magnificent monasteries rising to many stories, roofed with gilt bronze or tiles of burnt clay glazed in brilliant colors. To the north of the city, encircled by great walls and containing elaborate bathing ponds, carved balustrades and moonstones, stood “Abhayagiri”, one of seventeen such religious units in Anuradhapura and the largest of its five major viharas. Surrounding the humped dagaba, Abhayagiri Vihara was a seat of the Northern Monastery, or Uttara Vihara.
The term “Abhayagiri Vihara” means not only a complex of monastic buildings, but also a fraternity of Buddhist monks, or Sangha, which maintains its own historical records, traditions and way of life. Founded in the second century B.C., it had grown into an international institution by the first century of this era, attracting scholars from all over the world and encompassing all shades of Buddhist philosophy. Its influence can be traced to other parts of the world, through branches established elsewhere. Thus, the Abhayagiri Vihara developed as a great institution vis‑a‑vis the Mahavihara and the jetavana Buddhist monastic sects in the ancient Sri Lankan capital of Anuradhapura.
It is recorded in the chronicles that Abhayagiri was established by King Vattagamini Abhaya(Valagamba), during the period of his second reign, from 89 to 77 B.C.. A young Brahmin named Tiya (Tissa) declared war against him. Tiya was deluded by the prophecy of another Brahmin that was destined to be king. Before the arrival of Mahinda Thera who brought Buddhism to the island, Brahmins held the highest place in society. After the establishment of the Bhikkhu order on the island, however, they lost their supremacy, and were replaced by the Buddhist Sangha. Some Brahmins converted to Buddhism, while others revolted. Tiya, who enjoyed the support of his community, lived both in and outside of Sri Lanka, and was therefore very powerful.
According to the chronicles, the name Abhayagiri Vihara originated from the names of King Vattagamani Abhaya and of the Giri priests who lived in the Jain monastery. However, since most ancient monasteries were built around a hillock, or giri in Sinhala, (for example the Vessagiri, Meghagiri or Chetiyagiri monasteries) it is possible that the name Abhayagiri symbolizes the monastery created by Vattagamani Abhaya after his recapture of the kingdom surrounding the hillock known as Digapasana, now inside the Abhayagiri complex.
Thuparamaya
Thuparama, the oldest stupa in Sri Lanka, is believed to enshrine the collarbone Relic of the Buddha sent from India by Emperor Asoka after Anuradhapura converted to Buddhism.
The Thuparama stupa, built by King Devanampiyatissa, enshrines the sacred collar bone of the Buddha. This relic, a gift from India,stands testimony to the cordial relations enjoyed by the then Sri Lanka ruler. The columns around the stupa were a part of the colonnade that supported a roof which covered the sacred edifice. Aesthetically, the interior of such structure must have been the stunning expression of wood engineering and of the most skilful craftsmanship. The edifice’s conical design, unique in the architectural history of the world, continue to be discussed and debated by scholars and scientists.
The discovery of medical texts and surgical instruments dating back to the Anuradhapura period confirms the Quality of life during that era. The tradition of using stone troughs as medicinal baths to cure the sick was in vogue during the Anuradhapura and subsequent Polonnaruwa periods. The patient, whether paralytic or in a coma after a snake bite, was immersed in a bath enriched with the appropriate medicinal potions t that would gradually be absorbed into the body. Interestingly, the shape of the vessel was moulded to economize on the expensive fluid.
Grade 9
āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļēේ āˇිāļŊ්āļ´
āļāļŠāļģāļ§ āļ´ාāļģāļ¸්āļ´āļģිāļ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļāļē āļ¸ැāļēෙāļą් āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļŊිāļ´ිāļēෙāˇි āļ¸ුāļŊ්āļොāļ§āˇ āļ´āˇුāļිāļē āˇāļිāļēේ āļ´āˇ
āˇිāļē
āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ිāˇු āļāļා āˇෙāˇෙāˇāļāļģ āļāļ§āļēුāļු āļģාāˇිāļēāļ් āļ āˇāˇāļąැ āļāļ¸ āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢ āļāˇ ිāļ¯ැāļ්āˇීāļ¸ āˇිāļ¯ුāļāļģāļි. āļāˇāˇ් āļāļ්āļ්āˇāļēේ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āļąිāˇ්āļ´ාāļ¯āļąāļē āļāļ¯ෙāˇා āļ¸ෙāļී āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļ¯ාāļēිāļ āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ āļ්āļģāļ¸āˇේāļ¯āļē āļෙāļģෙāˇි āļāˇුāļą් āļ¯āļ්āˇāļą්āļąේ āļ¸āˇāļ් āļෞāļģāˇ āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļēුāļ්āļ āļˇāļ්āļිāļēāļි. āˇිāˇිāļ° āļ¯ුāˇ්āļāļģāļා āļ¸ැāļ¯ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇිāļŊ්āļ´āļ්āļģāļ¸ āļ āļ¯්āļēāļāļąāļē āļ¯āļ්āˇා āļģැāļෙāļą āļāļ¸ āļˇාāļ්āļēāļēāļි. āļāļී āˇිāļŊ්āļ´āļ්āļģāļ¸ āļāļිāļąෙāļāļ§ āļļāļ¯්āļ° āˇූ āˇංāļීāļģ්āļĢ āļ්āļģිāļēාāļ¯ාāļ¸āļēāļි.
āļļොāļģ āļŊාāļāļŠ āˇෙāˇāļ් āļŊාāļිāļģි āļąිāˇ්āļ´ාāļ¯āļąāļē
āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļąිāˇ්āļ´ාāļ¯āļą āˇāļŗāˇා āļēොāļ¯ාāļāļą්āļąා āļ¸ුāļŊිāļ āļ āļ¸ුāļ¯්āļģāˇ්āļē āˇāļą්āļąේ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇෙāˇāļ් āļŊාāļāļŠāļē.āļ āļීāļāļēේāļ¯ී āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļ āļ¸ු āļ¯්āļģāˇ්āļē āļෙāļ¸ිāļ§ෙāļģා (chemitera) āļෝāļ්āļģāļēāļ§ āļ āļēāļ් āļොāļ්āˇිāļŠ් (coccid) āļුāļŊāļēේ āļෘāļ¸ිāļēෙāļු āˇාāļ āļ¸āļ āˇ්āļģාāˇāļē āļāļģāļą āļ¯ුāļ¸්āļ¸āļŊ āˇැāļąි āļ¯්āļģāˇ්āļēāļēāļ් āļāˇ්āļģāļēෙāļą් āˇāļāˇා āļැāļąුāļĢි. (āļ¸āļŊ්āļාāļą්āļි,2004(82) āļෝāļą්, āļ¸āˇāļą්, āļැāļ´්āļ´ෙāļ§ිāļēා, āļ´ිāˇිāļšිāļē, āļ¸ොāļģ, āļොāļļ්āļļෑ āļēāļą āˇාāļ āļāˇුāļģෙāˇි āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļෘāļ¸ීāˇු āˇීāļ්āļģ āļŊෙāˇ āļļෝāˇෙāļි. āļෘāļ¸ීāļą් āļ¯ෙāˇāļģ්āļāļēāļ් āļāˇුāļģිāļą් āļŊංāļාāˇේ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļŊැāļļේ. āļැāļ´්āļ´ෙāļ§ිāļēා āˇෙāˇāļ් āļෝāļą් āļąāļ¸් āļŊාāļāļŠ āˇāļģ්āļāļē āļැāļ´්āļ´ෙāļ§ිāļēා, āļෝāļą්, āˇිāļුāļģු āļēāļąාāļ¯ී āļāˇ් āļāˇ්āļģිāļāˇāļ් āļāļŊāļිāļģිāļēා āļąāļ¸් āļ āļąෙāļ් āļŊාāļāļŠ āˇිāˇේāˇāļē āļāļŊāļිāļģිāļēා āˇාāļāļē āļāˇුāļģිāļąුāļ් āļąිāˇ්āļ´ාāļ¯āļąāļē āˇේ. (āļුāļ¸ාāļģāˇ්āˇාāļ¸ි, 1962(213)
āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇැāˇීāļ¸ āˇූ āļāļŊී āˇුāļ¯ුāˇු āļāˇāļāļ§ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļෘāļ¸ීāļą් āļļෝāļāļģ āļāˇි āļŊාāļāļŠ āļąිāˇ්āļ´ාāļ¯āļąāļē āˇāļą්āļąāļ§ āˇැāļŊැāˇ්āˇීāļ¸āļēි.āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļෘāļ¸ිāļēāļą් āļąāˇ āˇාāļāļēāļāļ§ āļļෝ āˇāļą්āļąāļ§ āˇැāļģ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļģැāˇ්āļිāļģීāļ¸ āļāˇ āļēුāļුāļē. āļāļ් āļ´්āļģāļ¯ේāˇāļēේ āˇැāļ´්āļැāļ¸්āļļāļģ්, āļāļ්āļෝāļļāļģ් āļēāļą āļ¸ාāˇāˇāļŊāļ¯ී āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļ¸āļąාāˇ āļ´ැāˇී āļ´āˇāļිāļą (āˇෝāļ¸āļģāļ්āļą āˇāˇ āļ āļļේāˇāļģ්āļ°āļą, 1956(4) āļąāļ¸ුāļ් āļāļැāļ¸් āļ´්āļģāļ¯ේāˇāˇāļŊ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇෙāļąāļ් āļ¸ාāˇāˇāļŊāļ¯ී āļ´ැāˇේ. āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļģැāˇ් āļිāļģීāļ¸ේāļ¯ී āļąිāˇිāļŊෙāˇ āˇāļģ්āļ°āļąāļē āˇූ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇāˇිāļ āļ āļුāļģිāļිāļŊි āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļ් āļෝāļģා āļāļāļēුāļු āˇāļą්āļąේ āļąොāļ´ැāˇුāļĢු āļŊාāļāļŠāļēෙāļą් āļąිāļ´āļ¯āˇෙāļą āļŊාāļāļŠ āļāļ¯ āˇ්āˇāļˇාāˇāļēāļ් āļāļą්āļąා āļļැāˇිāļąි. āļāļŊේāļ´āļąāļēāļ§āļ¯ āļ āļēෝāļ්āļē āˇāļą āˇෙāļēිāļąි. āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇāˇිāļ āļ āļුāļģිāļිāļŊි āļāļ´ා āļ¯ිāļą āļිāˇිāļ´āļēāļ් āļ¸āˇු āˇාāļāļēේ āļිāļļෙāļąāļ§ āˇැāļģීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļāļ´්āļ´ාāļ¯ු āˇාāļ āļොāļ§āˇ්āˇි āˇූ āļෘāļ¸ීāˇු āļąොāļැāļ´ූ āļ āļුāļģිāļිāļŊිāˇāļŊāļ§ āļ¸ාāļģුāˇāļą āļ āļāļģ āļ¸ෙāļී āļ āļුāļģිāļිāļŊි āļ¸āļŗ āļ´āˇāļąේ āˇිāļēāˇ ා āļāˇි āˇූ āļŊාāļāļŠ āˇූāļģා āļģැāˇ්āļāļģ āļැāļąීāļ¸ āˇිāļ¯ුāļෙāļģේ. āļŊා āļිāļģි āˇා āļ āļ¸ුāļŊාāļāļŠ āˇāˇāļēෙāļą් āˇāļŗුāļą්āˇāļąු āļŊāļļāļą්āļąේ āļāļ්āļ āļļොāļģ āļŊාāļāļŠāļ¸ āˇේ.
āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇූāļ¯්āļ° āļිāļģීāļ¸
āļļොāļģ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļ āļිāļą් āˇුāļ¯්āļ° āļිāļģීāļ¸ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļ´ෙāļģීāļ¸ āļąāļ¸් āˇේ. āˇāļąේ āļොāļ§ා āļ´ොāļŊා āˇāļāˇāļą āļļොāļģ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļāļŊ් āļ¯ිāļē āˇāˇිāļ āļොāļģāˇේ āļ āļුāļŊ්āļŊා āˇේāļ¯ීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ´āˇු āļ´āˇāļąේ āˇිāļēāˇ ා āļŊාāļāļŠ āļ´ෙāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා āļēොāļģ් āļැāļąේ. āļ āˇāļŗāˇා āļŊාāļāļŠ āļ´ෙāļą්āļ¯ුāˇ, āļ´ෙāļą්āļ¯ු āļąූāļŊ්, āļŊාāļāļŠ āļූāļģු, āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļŗ, āļēāļāļŠ āļ´āļුāļģ āˇෝ āļēāļු āļāļŊāļē, āļ´āļ් āļොāˇ āļē āˇා āļිāļąි āļāļļāļŊ āļ āļ්āļēāˇāˇ්āļē āļāļ´āļāļģāļĢ āˇේ. āļ´ෙāļģූ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļāˇāļ§ āļāļ¯ීāļ¸ (āˇෝāļ¸āļģāļ්āļą āˇāˇ āļ āļļේāˇāļģ්āļ°āļą, 1956(28) āļāˇ āļēුāļුāļē. āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļģāļ්āļොāļ§ āļāļ¯ීāļ¸ āļāˇāļ§ āļāļ¯ීāļ¸āļēි. āļāˇāļ§ āļāļ¯ීāļ¸ āļුāˇ ිāļą් āļŊාāļ්āˇාāˇāļŊ āˇූ āļāˇāļ§ āˇ්āˇāļˇාāˇ āļēāļ§āļ´āļ්āˇ āļģāļą්āˇāļą් āļ´ැāˇැāļē āļ¸āļුāˇෙāļēි. āˇāļģ්āļāļ¸ාāļąāļēේ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļෘāļ¸ිāļēා āļŊංāļාāˇෙāļą් āˇāļŗ āˇී āļොāˇ් āļē. āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇැāˇීāļ¸ āˇෝ āļļොāļģ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļąිāˇ්āļ´ාāļ¯āļąāļēāļ් āļ āļ¯්āļēāļāļąāļēේ āˇිāļ¯ු āļąොāˇේ. āļ¸ෙāļී āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇුāļ¯්āļ° āļිāļģීāļ¸ේ āˇාāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļ¯ාāļēිāļ āļģāļ§ාāˇ āˇāļ¸ාāļĸāļēෙāļą් āˇිāļēෑāļී āļāļ. āˇāļģ්āļāļ¸ාāļąāļēේ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļ¯ේāˇāļāļēāļ් āˇāˇāļēෙāļą් āļāļą්āļ¯ිāļēාāˇෙāļą් āļāļąāļēāļąāļē āļොāļ§ āļēāļą්āļ්āļģාāļąුāˇාāļģāļēෙāļą් āļ´āˇිāļ්āļģ āˇූ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇෙāˇāļ් āˇැāļŊැāļ් āļˇාāˇිāļāļēāļ§ āļāļąී. āļ āˇāļŊ්, āļ āļģāļ්āļ āļąාāļ¸ āˇූ āļāļŊී āļāļ§ āļ´āļģ්āļēාāļē āļ´āļ¯āļēි. āļ¸ෙāˇේ āļāļąāļēāļąිāļ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļˇාāˇිāļ āļාāļģ්āļēāļēāļą්āļ§ āˇāļģිāļŊāļą āļ´āļģිāļ¯ි āˇිāˇිāļ° āļ¯āˇ්āļē āļ¸ිāˇ්āļģ āļිāļģීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļąොāļēෙāļ් āļŊාāļāļŠ āˇāļģ්āļ āˇāļāˇා āļāļąු āļŊැāļļේ.
āļāļŊිāļļිāļŊිāļ ්āļ ි āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇා āļŊාāļāļŠ āļෑāļŊි āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē
āļāļŊ්āļෝāļ´්āļ´āļē, āļāļŊ්āļ āļ, āļāļŊāļą āļŊීāļē, āļģාāļ්āļāļŊ් āˇāļāļ් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āˇූ āļ´ිāˇිāļē, āļŊාāļāļŠ āļූāļģු, āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļŗ, āļිāļąි āļāļļāļŊ āļāļ¯ී āļ¸ෙāˇāļŊāļ¸් āļˇාāˇිāļāļēෙāļą් āˇාāļēāļ¸් āˇāļģ්āļ āļ¸ිāˇ්āļģිāļāˇ āļāļŊා āļ´āļ¯āļ¸් āļāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļැāļļāļŊි āˇැāļāˇීāļ¸ āļāļŊිāļļිāļŊිāļ ්āļ ි āļිāļģීāļ¸ āļēි. āļ āļීāļāļēේāļ¯ී āļ āˇāˇ්āļē āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļ§ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļ¸ෘāļ¯ු āļāļģāļැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āˇා āļāļ´ āļැāļą්āˇීāļ¸āļ§ āļ´ොāļු āļāˇāļ්āļāˇ āļāļŦāļģු āļāļ§ āˇāļ¸āļ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļැāļŊීāļ¸ āˇිāļ¯ුāļāˇ āļ් āˇāļģ්āļāļ¸ාāļąāļēේ āļ āˇāļ¯āˇා āļģāļ§ āļ¯ුāļ¸්āļ¸āļŊ āļ¸ිāˇ්āļģ āļෙāļģේ.
āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ීāˇු āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇāļŗāˇා āļēොāļ¯ාāļāļ් āˇාāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļ¯ාāļēිāļ āˇāļģ්āļĢ āˇාāļ¯ිāļŊිංāļāļ¸්, āļāļŊ් āˇිāļģිāļēāļŊ්, āļģāļą් āˇිāļģිāļēāļŊ්, āļ´ූāļąිāļŊ් āļąāļ¸් āļ´ාāˇාāļĢ āˇා āļąිāļŊ් āļ āˇāļģිāļē, āļොāļāļ§ු, āļ āļģāļŊිāļē, āļāļŊිāļŗ āˇැāļąි āˇ්āˇāļˇාāˇිāļ āļ¯්āļģāˇ්āļē āļුāˇ ිāļą් āˇāļāˇ් āļāļģāļāļąිāļි. āļģāļු, āļāˇ āˇāˇ āļāˇ ු āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļ් āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļāļēේ āļ¸ූāļŊිāļ āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļŊෙāˇ āļ āļීāļāļēේ āļˇාāˇිāļ āļāˇ āļąāļ¸ුāļ් āļąිāļŊ්, āļොāˇ , āˇුāļ¯ු āˇැāļąි āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļ¯ āļ´āˇුāļාāļŊීāļąāˇ āļˇාāˇිāļāļēāļ§ āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļĢ āļāļ. āˇāļģ්āļāļ¸ාāļąāļēේ āļ¯āļ¸්, āļāļēāļ¸්, āļāļš, āļģāļą් āˇැāļąි āˇෙāļąāļ් āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļēොāļ¯ාāļāļąු āļŊāļļāļą්āļąේ āļēāļą්āļ්āļģාāļąුāˇාāļģāļēෙāļą් āļąිāļ´āļ¯āˇāļą āļ§āļēිāļ§ේāļąිāļēāļ¸් āˇා āļļේāļēāļģ් āļąāļ¸් āļŠāļēි āˇāļģ්āļ āļāļ´āļēෝāļී āļāļģāļැāļąීāļ¸ෙāļąි.
āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļැāļŊිāļļිāļŊිāļ ්āļ ි āļිāļģීāļ¸ේ āļ්āļģāļ¸ āļ¯ෙāļāļි.
* āļŊාāļāļŠ āļූāļģු āļ¯ෙāļāļ් āļෙāļą āļāˇි āļෙāˇ āˇāļģ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļැāļļැāļŊ්āļŊāļ් āļģāļŗāˇා āļ´ොāļŊ් āļāļ§ු āļ āļුāļģු āļāļ°ාāļģāļēෙāļą් āļģāļ් āļāļģāļąු āļŊැāļļේ. āļ´āˇුāˇ āļāˇි āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļුāļŠු āļāˇāļģා āļŊාāļāļŠ āļූāļģ āļāļ°ාāļģāļēෙāļą් āļāˇāˇ āļ§ āļ āļ¯ිāļ¸ිāļą් āļŊාāļāļŠ āļැāļļැāļŊ්āļŊāļ§ āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļ¸ිāˇ්āļģ āļāˇ āļēුāļුāļē. āˇාāļēāļ¸් āļ¸ිāˇ්āļģිāļ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļැāļļැāļŊ්āļŊ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļŗ āļ¸āļ āļāļļා āļ´ිāˇිāļēෙāļą් āļැāļŊීāļ¸ෙāļą් āˇāļŠාāļ් āˇොāļ¯ිāļą් āˇාāļēāļ¸් āļ¸ිāˇ්āļģāˇීāļ¸ āˇිāļ¯ුāˇේ.
* āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļැāļą්āˇිāļē āļēුāļු āļŊාāļāļŠ āļැāļļැāļŊ්āļŊ āˇෘāļ්āļාāļාāļģāˇ āļුāļąීāļāļģ āļ āļ¸āļ āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļුāļŠු āļāˇāļģා āļģāļ් āļāˇ āļēුāļුāļē. āļුāļąි āļāˇ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļොāļ§āˇāļ āˇාāļēāļ¸් āļුāļŠු āļ¸āļ°්āļēāļēේ āļāļļා āļŊාāļāļŠ āļූāļģāļ් āļāļ°ාāļģāļēෙāļą් āļāˇāˇ āļ§ āļ āļ¯ිāļ¸ිāļą් āļāˇāļ¯ුāļģāļ§āļ් āˇාāļēāļ¸් āļුāļŠු āļ¸ිāˇ්āļģāļāˇ āļēුāļුāļē. āˇාāļēāļ¸් āļුāļŠු āļ¸ිāˇ්āļģ āˇීāļ¸ āļ āļąāļුāļģුāˇ āļāļ¸ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļොāļ§āˇ් āļැāļŊීāļ¸ āļāˇ āļēුāļුāļē.
āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļැāļą්āˇීāļ¸ේāļ¯ී āļ´āļ¯āļ¸ āˇා āļ´ිāļģිāˇිāļ¯ු āļļāˇāļ් āļāļą āļļāˇ āˇා āļļāļģ āļ´ිāˇ ිāļļāļŗāˇāļ් āˇිāļ¸āˇිāļŊිāļ¸āļ් āˇීāļ¸ෙāļą් āˇේāļුāˇෙāļą් āļ āˇāˇ්āļē āļ´ැāˇැāļē āˇා āˇāļ්āļිāļē āˇුāļģැāļෙāļą āˇේ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļැāļļāļŊි āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļāļģ āļāļ āˇැāļිāļē.
āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļāļą්āˇා āļāļŊāļąු āļŊැāļļූ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļුāļąීāļāļģ āļ āļāļŊ් āļāļ āˇāļ¸ාāļģāļ් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āļ¯ිāļ āļ´āˇ āļŊ āˇිāļ§ිāļą āˇේ āļāļ´ා āļැāļąීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļු āˇැāļŠ āˇāļŗāˇාāļ් āļāļąāļāļ¸ āļ¸āļŗāļ් āļ āļŠු āļ¯ිāļ āļැāļļāļŊි āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āˇැāļŠ āˇāļŗāˇාāļ් āļˇාāˇිāļ āļāļģāļēි. 'āļŊාāļāļŠ āļෑāļŊි' āļŊෙāˇ āˇ්āļēāˇāˇාāļģ āˇāļą්āļąේ āļ¸ෙāļŊෙāˇ āˇැāļāˇූ āļŊාāļāļŠ āˇāļŗāˇාāļē.
āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļāļēේ āļāļŊාāļ්āļ¸āļ āļŊāļ්āˇāļĢ
āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇිāļŊ්āļ´āļēේ āļāļŊාāļ්āļ¸āļ āˇා āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢාāļ්āļ¸āļ āļ ංāˇāļē āˇāļą්āļąේ āļąිāļ¸ැāˇුāļ¸් āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āˇāļŗāˇා āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļŊේāļ´āļąāļē āˇāˇ āˇැāļģāˇිāļŊි āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģ āļēෙāļ¯ීāļ¸ේ āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ āļ්āļģāļ¸āļēāļēි. āļ¸ුāļŊිāļ āļ්āļģāļ¸ āļ¯ෙāļāļ් āļāˇ්āˇේ āļ¸ෙāļී āļ´ාāļģāļ¸්āļ´āļģිāļ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇිāļŊ්āļ´āļēේ āļāļŊාāļ්āļ¸āļ āļ ංāˇāļē āˇāļāˇ් āˇී āļ´āˇāļී.
1 āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļු āˇැāļŠ
2 āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āˇැāļŠ āˇāˇāļēෙāļąි.
āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļු āˇැāļŠ āˇෙāˇāļ් āļ¸ේāˇāļģ āˇැāļŠ
āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊāļēāļ් āļˇාāˇිāļ āļąොāļොāļ§ āļ¸āˇāļ´āļ§ැāļිāļŊ්āļŊේ āļąිāļē āļāļ°ාāļģāļēෙāļą් āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļāļģāļĢāļēේ āļēෙāļ¯ීāļ¸ āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļු āˇැāļŠ āļąāļ¸ි. āļ āļිāļą් āļŊාāļāļŠ āļෑāļ¸ āˇා āļāļ´ āļ¯ැāļ¸ීāļ¸ āļ¸ේāˇāļģ āˇැāļŠ āļąāļ¸්. āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļු āˇැāļŠ āļ¯ුāļ¸ිāļą්āļ¯ාāļāļ¸āļąāļēේ āļ āļ§āˇ ොāˇ් āļුāļŊ āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ීāļą් āˇා āļļැāļŗේ. āˇ්āļģී āļ¸āˇ āļļෝāļ°ීāļą් āˇāˇāļą්āˇේāļ§ āļොāļŠි āļ¸ිāļ§ි, āˇේāˇāļ් āļ¸ිāļ§ි āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļ¸ේāˇāļģ āˇැāļŠ āļුāˇ ිāļą් āļ āļŊංāļාāļģ āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļģāˇා āļāļ් āļ්āļģāļ¸āļē āˇāļ¸ාāļĸāļēේ āļ´්āļģāļ āļŊිāļ āˇී āļāļ. āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļු āˇැāļŠ āˇāļŗāˇා āļ¸ාāļāļŊේ (āļ´āļŊ්āļŊේ) āˇāļ´ුāˇිāļ¯ āļ්āļģාāļ¸āļē āļ āļීāļāļēේ āˇිāļ§āļ¸ āļ´්āļģāˇිāļ¯්āļ°ිāļēāļ් āļāˇුāļŊāļą්āļąේ āļ¸ෙāˇි āˇූ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ීāļą් āļ āļąුāļģාāļ°āļ´ුāļģāļēේ āˇිāļ§ āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļĢි āļļāˇāļ§ āˇāļą āˇිāˇ්āˇාāˇāļē āļ´ෙāļģāļ¯ැāļģිāˇāļēි.
āļ¸ේāˇāļģ āˇැāļŠ āˇāļ¯āˇා āļ´āˇ āļ¸ුāˇ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļēේ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļŊේāļ´ āļāˇ āļēුāļුāļē. āˇැāļŊි āļāļŠāļ¯ාāˇි āļ āļŊ්āļŊා āˇෝ āļēāļු āļා āļ¸ෘāļ¯ු āļ´ෘāˇ්āļ¨āļēāļ් āļļāˇāļ§ āļ´āļ්āļāˇ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļē āˇා āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļැāļą්āˇූ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļģāļ්āļāļģ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļēේ āˇොāļŗිāļą් āļāˇāļģා āļāļŊ්āļොāˇ āļāļ°ාāļģāļēෙāļą් āļ¸ැāļ¯ීāļ¸ āļāļģāļąු āļŊāļļāļą්āļąේ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļēāļ§ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļ¸āļąාāˇ āļා āˇැāļ¯්āļ¯ීāļ¸āļ§āļ් āļāļ´āˇāļ් āˇීāļ¸āļ් āļ āļģāļˇāļēාāļē. āļ āˇāˇාāļąāļēේ āļģෙāļ¯ි āļැāļļැāļŊ්āļŊāļ් āļģāļ්āļāļģ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļē āļ´ිāļģිāļ¸ැāļ¯ීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ āļ´ේāļ්āˇා āļāļģāļą්āļąේ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļēේ āļ¯ීāļ´්āļිāļ¸āļ් āļˇාāˇāļēāļēි.
āļ්āļģāļ¸ āļිāˇිāļ´āļēāļ් āļāˇ්āˇේ āˇාāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļ¯ාāļēිāļ āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ීāļą් āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļැāļŊ්āˇීāļ¸ āˇිāļ¯ුāļāļģ āļāļ.
1 āļāˇāļŊāļ¸් āļෑāļ¸
āļ¯්āˇි āˇāļģ්āļĢ āˇෝ āˇāļģ්āļĢ āˇංāļāļŊāļąāļē āļāļģāļ¸ිāļą් āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļēāļ āˇිāˇිāļ° āļ´ැāļි āļāļŊේāļ´ āļāļģ āļ¸ැāļ¯ීāļ¸ āļāˇāļŊāļ¸් āļෑāļ¸ āļąāļ¸් āˇිāļē.
2 āˇāļŊිāļ ්āļ ි āļෑāļ¸
āļāļ් āˇāļģ්āļĢāļēāļ් āļˇාāˇිāļāļēෙāļą් āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļēāļ් āļāļŊේāļ´ āļāļģ āļ āļ¸āļ āˇෙāļąāļ් āˇāļģ්āļĢāļēāļිāļą් āļāļ¸āļąāļ§ āļ āļˇිāļ¸āļ āļොāļ§āˇ් āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļāļą්āˇා āļģāļ්āļāļģ āļ¸ැāļ¯ීāļ¸ āļ¸ෙāˇිāļ¯ී āˇිāļ¯ුāˇේ.
āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļēāļ් āļ¸ෙāļŊෙāˇ āˇāļāˇා āļැāļąීāļ¸ āļ¸ේāˇāļģ āļිāļģීāļ¸ āļąāļ¸් āˇේ. āļිāˇිāļēāļ¸් āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļēāļ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļ āļිāļą් āļąොāļා (āļ¸ේāˇāļģ āļąොāļēොāļ¯ා) āļąිāļē āˇැāļŠ āˇිāļ¯ු āļąොāļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļ¯ාāļēāļēි. āļ¸ේāˇāļģ āˇැāļŠ āļēāļąු āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļු āˇැāļŠ āˇāļŊ āļāļģāļ¸්āļˇāļ āļාāļģ්āļēāļē āļŊෙāˇ āˇැāļŊāļිāļē āˇැāļිāļē. āļ¸ෙāļŊෙāˇ āˇැāļāˇූ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļēāļą්āˇි āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļෙāļŗි āļ¸āļිāļą් āˇැāļģāˇිāļŊි āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģ āļēෙāļ¯ීāļ¸ āļąිāļē āˇැāļŠāˇāļŊ āļ´්āļģāļ°ාāļąāļāļ¸ āļාāļģ්āļēāļēāļēි. āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļ්āļෙāļą් āˇැāļŠ āļ¯ැāļ¸ීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා āļ āˇāˇ්āļē āļ´්āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļēāļ§ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļෙāļ¯ි āˇāļāˇාāļāļ āļēුāļූāļē. āļ āˇāļŗāˇා āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ීāļą්āļ§ āˇāļāļාāļˇ්āļēාāˇāļē āļිāļļිāļē āļēුāļුāļē. āļ¸ේāˇāļģ āļāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āļģāļ් āļāļģ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļෙāļŗි āļ¸āˇāļ´āļ§ැāļිāļŊ්āļŊේ āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļ්āļ āļāļ°ාāļģāļēෙāļą් āļ āļŊāˇāļą්āļąේ āļ āļˇිāļ¸āļ āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģ āļģāļ§ා āļąිāļģූāļ´āļĢāļē āˇāļą āļ´āļģිāļ¯ිāļē. āļ āļąāļුāļģුāˇ āļāļŊ්āļොāˇ āļēāļ් āļˇාāˇිāļāļēෙāļą් āļ¸āļ¯ිāļąු āļŊැāļļීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģāļē āļāļ´āˇāļ් āˇේ.
āˇාāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļ¯ාāļēිāļ āļąිāļēāˇැāļŠ āļ¸āļිāļą් āļāļ´āˇāļ් āˇූ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āļ āļීāļāļēේ āˇිāļ§āļ¸ āļ¯ෙāˇ් āˇිāļ¯ෙāˇ් āļ´ිāˇ ිāļැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļŊāļ්āˇිāļē. āļāļ¸ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āļ āļāļģ āļ āˇ් āļ āļු āļ¸ිāļ§ි āļ ංāļුāˇāļē āļොāļŠි āļ¸ිāļ§ි āļිāļģāļ´ොāļŊු āļ´ොāļ්, āļāļ¸්āļļ āļļāˇ්āļāļ¸් (āļ āļŠි āļුāļąāļēි) āļ¸ුāļģ āļāˇුāļ¯ āļ¸ිāļ§ි āˇāļ§ාāļ´āļ්, āļ¸ිāļ§ි āˇිāļēāļą්, āļ¸ිāļ§ි āˇැāļģāļ¸ිāļ§ි (āļ āļŠි āˇāļāļģāļēි) āˇෙāļĢ්āļŠු āļ¸ිāļ§ි āļ´්āļģāļ°ාāļą āˇිāļē. āļąිāļēāˇැāļŠ āˇāˇිāļ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļąිāˇ්āļ´ාāļ¯āļą āˇෙāˇāļ් āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļු āˇැāļŠ āˇāļŊāļ¯ී āˇාāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļ¯ාāļēිāļ āļ¯ේāˇීāļē āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģ āļģāļ§ාāˇāļą් āˇූ āˇැāļŊ් āļ´ොāļ "āļāļ¯ාāļģ āļොāļĢ්āļŠු (āˇāļģāļŊ āļģේāļා), āļļිāļą්āļ¯ු āˇāˇ āļāļŊ් (āļ¯ිāļēāļ¸āļą්āļි āˇැāļŠ āļāļි āļැāļļāļŊි), āļොāˇ āˇැāļŊ (āļāļෙāļą āļ āļු āˇෝ āˇැāļŊ් āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģāļēāļ්), āļŊāļĢු āļැāļ§, āļ´āļුāļģ (āļ¯ිāļ් āˇිāˇāļ¸ āļ´ාāļ¯ āļ්āļģිāļෝāļĢ), āļļෝ āļොāˇ " āļ¯ැāļŊ, āˇුāļŊි āˇැāļŊ āˇැāļąි āļēොāļ¯ා āļැāļąේ.
āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ āˇැāļŠ āļුāˇ ිāļą් āļąිāļ´āļ¯āˇāļą āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ
āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āˇāļŗāˇා āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģ āļēෙāļ¯ීāļ¸ේ āļ්āļģāļ¸āˇේāļ¯ āļ āļāļģ āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊāļēෙāļą් āˇැāļŠ āļ¯ැāļ¸ීāļ¸ āļ āļąෙāļ් āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļ¯ාāļēāļēි. āļ¯ුāļ¸්āļļāļģ āļ¯ිāˇාāˇේ āˇුāļģීāļāļŠුāˇේ āˇා āļ¸ාāļāļģ āļ¯ිāˇාāˇේ āļ āļුāļŊ්āļ¸āļŦු āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ීāˇු āļ´ැāļģāļĢි āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āļ්āļģāļ¸āļēāļ§ āļ´්āļģāˇිāļ¯්āļ° āˇූāˇෝ āˇෙāļ්. āˇāļ්āļģාāļාāļģ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āļ්āļģāļ¸āˇේāļ¯āļē āļ¸āļිāļą් āˇිāļ¯ුāˇේ. āļ´ැāļģāļĢි āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āļ්āļģāļ¸āļē āļ්āļģිāļēාāļ්āļ¸āļ āˇූāļēේ āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ීāļą් āļ¯ෙāļ¯ෙāļąāļුāļේ āˇ්āļģāļ¸ āļ´ුāļģāļĢāļēෙāļąි. āļŊāļĢුāˇ āļāļ¯ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļē āļāļģāļැāˇීāļ¸ āļāļ් āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ිāļēෙāļූ āˇිāļ¯ුāļāļģāļ¯්āļ¯ී āļāļ§ුāˇ āļ āļŊ්āļŊා āļŊිāļēāˇීāļ¸ āļ āļąෙāļ් āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ිāļēාāļේ āļģාāļĸāļාāļģිāļēāļēි. āļāļąි āļ´ාāļ§ āˇා āļāļģි āļෑāļ¸ āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļ් āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ āļ¸āļිāļą් āˇිāļ¯ුāˇිāļē. āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļ¯ෙāļāļ් āˇංāļāļŊāļąāļē āˇāļą āļ āˇāˇ්āļŽාāˇේāļ¯ී āļāļē āļāˇ ු āˇැāļąි āļāļ¯ āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļāļģි āļෑāļ¸ āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļ¯ාāļē āˇිāļē. āˇැāļ§āļේ āļොāˇ āļēෙāˇි āļැāˇāļģූ āļ´ොāļŊ්āļෙāļŊ් āļēොāļ¯ා āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļē āļāļ´ āļිāļģීāļ¸ āļ´ැāļģāļĢි āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āļ්āļģāļ¸āˇේāļ¯āļēāļēි.
āļŊංāļාāˇේ āļˇාāˇිāļ āˇූ āļ´ැāļģāļĢි āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊāļēāļ§ āˇāļŠා āˇāļģ්āļāļ¸ාāļąāļēේ āˇāļ´ුāˇිāļ¯ āļ´්āļģāļ¯ේāˇāļēේ āļˇාāˇිāļ āˇāļą āļāļą්āļ¯ීāļē āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊāļē āļ´ැāļģāļĢි āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āļ්āļģāļ¸āļēāļ§ āˇāļŠා āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āļŊිāļēāˇීāļ¸ āˇා āļŊාāļāļŠ āļāļŊේāļ´ āļිāļģීāļ¸ āļēāļą āļාāļģ්āļēāļēāļ¯්āˇāļēāļ¸ āˇිāļ¯ු āļāˇ āˇැāļිāļē.
* āļ´āļ§ි āļෑāļ¸
* āļැāļ§āļēāļ¸් āļෑāļ¸
* āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļිāļŊ්āļŊāˇීāļ¸
* āļļāļිāļ් āˇා āˇේāļŠිāļą් āļ්āļģāļ¸āļē
* āļļිāļą්āļ¯ු āˇිāļ§ිāļąāˇේ āļෑāļ¸
āļąූāļāļą āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āˇැāļŠ āļ´්āļģāļ°ාāļą āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģ āļ්āļģāļ¸āˇේāļ¯ āˇāˇāļēෙāļą් āˇāļŗුāļąාāļāļ āˇැāļිāļē. āļැāļ§āļēāļ¸් āļැāļ´ීāļ¸ āļ´ිāļĢිāˇ āļැāļ§āļēāļ¸් āļෑāļ¸ āˇිāļ¯ුāļāˇ āļēුāļූāļē. āļිāˇිāļēāļ¸් āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļēāļ āļāļ් āļāļ් āˇāļģ්āļĢāļēෙāļą් āļēුāļ් āļŊාāļāļŠ āļāļ§්āļ§ු āļāļāļ´ිāļ§ āļāļ āļāˇāļģා āļ´ිāļි āļෑāļŊි āļ¸āļිāļą් āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸් āļොāļ§ āļ āˇāˇාāļąāļēේ āļ´ොāļŊ්āļෙāļŊ් āļāˇāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āˇැāļ§āļේ āļොāˇ āļēෙāļą් āˇා āļģෙāļ¯ි āļැāļļැāļŊ්āļŊāļිāļą් āļāļ´ āļ¯āļ¸ා āļැāļ§āļēāļ¸් āļැāļ´ීāļ¸ āˇāļ¯āˇා āļāļ āļēුāļුāļē.
āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļ§්āļ§ු āļāļŊේāļ´āļąāļēේ āļ´්āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļ āļąුāˇ āˇāļģ්āļĢ āˇංāļēෝāļĸāļąāļēෙāļą් āļැāļ§āļēāļ¸් āļැāļ´ීāļ¸ āˇිāļ¯ුāļāˇ āˇැāļ. āļŊිāļēāˇැāļŊ්, āļ¸āļŊ්āˇැāļŊ්, āˇංāˇ āļ´ූāļ§්āļ§ු, āļāļĸāˇිංāˇ āļģූāļ´ āˇැāļąි āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģ āˇාāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļ¯ාāļēිāļ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āˇāļŗāˇා āļēොāļ¯āļąු āļŊāļļāļą āļැāļ§āļēāļ¸් āˇේ. āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ිāļēාāļේ āļ¯āļ්āˇāļා āļ¸āļ āļැāļ§āļēāļ¸්āˇāļŊ āļුāļĢාāļ්āļ¸āļ āˇා āļāļŊාāļ්āļ¸āļ āļˇාāˇāļē āļģැāļŗී āļ´āˇāļී.
āļැāļ§āļēāļ¸් āļිāļŊ්āļŊāˇීāļ¸ āļ āļąෙāļ් āļ්āļģāļ¸āļēāļēි. āļŊිāļēāˇāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļē āˇැāļŊිāļāļŠāļ¯ාāˇි āļ āļŊ්āļŊා āˇāļāˇ්āļāļģ āļැāļąීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ āļąāļුāļģුāˇ āļāļą āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļ§්āļ§ුāˇāļ් āļāļŊේāļ´ āļāļģ āļ´ිāļි āļෑāļŊ්āļŊāļිāļą් āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸් āļොāļ§ āļ āļ¸āļ āļැāļ§āļēāļ¸් āļāļ§ුāˇ āˇෝ āļāļŊ් āļāļ§ුāˇ āļˇාāˇිāļāļēෙāļą් āļ āļˇිāļ¸āļ āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģ āļැāļ´ිāļē āļēුāļුāļē. āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģ āļ¸āļ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļāˇāļģා āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸් āļිāļģීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļāļ´āļą āļŊāļ¯ āļැāļ§āļēāļ¸් āļුāˇ āļ§ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļා āˇැāļ¯ෙāļēි. āļģෙāļ¯ිāļāļŠāļ āļļāˇාāļŊු āļļොāļģāļāļŊ් āļුāļŠු āˇැāˇීāļිāļē āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģāļēේ āļāļිāļŊ්āļŊීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļŊාāļāļŠ āļා āˇැāļ¯ුāļĢු āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģāļē āļ¸āļු āļāļģāļāļąී. āļāˇිāļ§ āļļොāļģāļāļŊ් āļුāļŠු āļāˇāļ්āļāļģ āļ´ොāļŊ්āļෙāļŊ් āˇ්āˇāļŊ්āļ´āļēāļ් āļැāˇāļģූ āļģෙāļ¯ි āļැāļļැāļŊ්āļŊāļිāļą් āļāļ´ āļ¯ැāļ¸ීāļ¸ āˇිāļ¯ුāļāļģāļēි. āļ¸ේ āļ්āļģāļ¸āˇේāļ¯āļē āļāˇ්āˇේ āļāļāļ¸ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļēේ āļොāļ§āˇ්āˇāļŊ āļąා āļąා āˇāļģ්āļĢāˇāļ් āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļිāļŊ්āļŊāˇා āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģ āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļāˇ āˇැāļිāļē.
āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āˇැāļŠ āˇāļŊāļ¯ී āļˇාāˇිāļ āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģ āļēෙāļ¯ීāļ¸ේ āļ්āļģāļ¸ āļ āļāļģ āļļāļිāļ් āˇා āˇේāļŠිāļą් āļ්āļģāļ¸āļēāļ§ āˇිāˇේāˇ āļැāļąāļ් āˇිāļ¸ි āˇේ. āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸් āļිāļģීāļ¸āļ් āˇෝ āļāļ´ āļ¯ැāļ¸ීāļ¸āļ් āļąොāļāļģāļą āļļāļිāļ් āļ්āļģāļ¸āļēේ āļ¯ී āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļēāļ āļāļąāļāļ¸ āļ්āļģāļ¸āļēෙāļą් āļ āļŠුāˇāļą āˇේ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļ§්āļ§ු āļුāļąāļ් āļāˇāļģāļąු āļŊැāļļේ. āļ āˇāˇාāļąāļēේ āļ´ිāļි āļෑāļŊ්āļŊ āˇෝ āˇැāļ§āļේ āļොāˇ āļāļ°ාāļģāļēෙāļą් āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸්āļāļģ āļģෙāļ¯ි āļැāļļැāļŊ්āļŊāļ āļ´ොāļŊ් āļෙāļŊ් āļēොāļ¯ා āļāļ´ āļ¯āļ¸āļąු āļŊāļļāļēි. āˇේāļŠිāļą් āļ්āļģāļ¸āļēේāļ¯ී āļ´āˇ āļ¸ු āļāļ§්āļ§ුāˇ āļා āļ¸āļ¯ිāļą āļąāļ¸ුāļ් āļ¯ෙāˇāļąි āļāļ§්āļ§ුāˇ āļļුāļģුāļŊ් āļŊාāļāļŠ āļැāļ§ āˇිāļ§ිāļą්āļąāļ§ āļැāˇāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļ¯ාāļēāļēි. āļැāļ§ āˇිāļ§ිāļą්āļąāļ§ āļෑāļ¸ේāļ¯ී āļ¸ැāļ¯ āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸් āļිāļģීāļ¸āļ් āļąොāļෙāļģේ.
āļļිāļą්āļ¯ු āˇිāļ§ිāļą āˇේ āļෑāļ¸ āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āļ්āļģāļ¸āļēේāļ¯ී āļˇාāˇිāļ āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģ āļēෙāļ¯ීāļ¸ේ āļāˇāļ් āļ්āļģāļ¸āļēāļ් āļŊෙāˇ āˇāļŗුāļąාāļāļ āˇැāļිāļē. āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļ¸් āˇāļŗāˇා āˇැāļāˇූ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļē āļ´āļ§්āļŊāļēāļ§ āˇāˇිāļāļģ āˇාāļ¸ාāļą්āļē āļŊාāļāļŠ āļāļ§්āļ§ුāˇāļ් āļāˇāļģා āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸් āļිāļģීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ´āˇු āļļුāļģුāļŊ් āļ¯්āˇිāˇāļģ්āļĢ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļැāļļāļŊි āļ´āˇ āļ¸ු āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļ§්āļ§ුāˇ āļ¸āļිāļą් āļ āļ āļļුāļģුāļŊෙāļą් āļāļŊ්āļŊීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļŊාāļāļŠ āļļිāļą්āļ¯ු āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē āˇිāļ¯ුāˇේ. āļෙāļ āļģෙāļ¯ිāļāļŠāļ āļļāˇාāļŊු āļļොāļģ āļāļŊ්āļුāļŠු āļ¸āļිāļą් āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļē āļ¸āļ¯ිāļą āˇිāļ§āļ¯ි āļ්āļģි āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļļිāļą්āļ¯ු āļ¸āļුāˇේ. āļāˇිāļ¯ී āļ´ොāļŊ් āļෙāļŊ් āļැāˇāļģූ āļģෙāļ¯ි āļැāļļැāļŊ්āļŊāļ් āļ¸āļිāļą් āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļē āļāļ´ āļ¯āļ¸ා āļැāļąීāļ¸ āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļ¯ාāļēāļēි.
āļ´ාāļģāļ¸්āļ´āļģිāļ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ, āļąāˇීāļą āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āˇා āļāļ´āļēෝāļිāļා āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āˇāˇāļēෙāļą් āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āļ්āļģāļ¸āļēේāļ¯ී āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āˇāļģ්āļ āļූāļąāļ් āļāļąāļąු āļŊැāļļේ. āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āˇැāļŠāˇāļŊāļ¯ී āļ´ාāļģāļ¸්āļ´āļģිāļ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āˇāļŗāˇා āˇංāˇ්āļෘāļිāļ¸āļē āˇāļ§ිāļąාāļāļ¸āļ් āˇිāļ¸ිāˇේ.āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āˇැāļŠāˇāļŊිāļą් āļąිāļ´āļ¯āˇāļą āļ´ාāļģāļ¸්āļ´āļģිāļ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āļģැāˇāļි. āļ āˇ ු āļļāļŗුāļą් āļāļˇāļģāļĢ āˇෙāļ´්āļ´ු (āļ¸ංāļĸුāˇා) āļāļŊāļ්āļāļ§්āļ§ු āļāļąāļ´්āļ´ු āļ´ෝāļ ්āļ ි āļļීāļģāˇ ු āļ¸āļŊ් āļ´ෝāļ ්āļ ි āˇෙāļģāļ්āļාāļŊ āˇāļŊං āˇෙāļ´්āļ´ු āļ āļ āļāļģ āˇේ.
āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āˇැāļŠ āˇා āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļු āˇැāļŠ āļ¸ිāˇ්āļģ āˇිāļŊ්āļ´āļē
āļēāļą්āļ්āļģාāļąුāˇාāļģāļēෙāļą් āļෙāļģෙāļą āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āˇැāļŠ āˇා āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ීāļē āļąිāļ´ුāļĢāļාāˇāļēෙāļą්āļ¸ āˇිāļ¯ුāļāļģāļą āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļුāˇැāļŠ āļ¸ිāˇ්āļģāˇ āļිāļģීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļāļ්āļ්āˇāļēෙāļą් āļāˇāˇ් āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āļ āļŠු āļාāļŊāļēāļිāļą් āļąිāļ´āļ¯āˇිāļē āˇැāļිāļē. āˇāļģ්āļāļ¸ාāļąāļēේ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āļąිāˇ්āļ´ාāļ¯āļąāļēේ āļ´්āļģāˇāļĢāļාāˇ āļ¸ෙāļēāļēි. āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āˇැāļŠ āˇāļŗāˇා āļļāˇුāļŊāˇ āļˇාāˇිāļ āˇāļą්āļąේ āļļුāļģුāļŊ් āļŊාāļāļŠ āˇුāˇāļ් āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļු āˇැāļŠ āˇāļŗāˇා āˇැāļ¸āˇිāļ§āļ¸ āļāļ¯ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļˇාāˇිāļ āļāˇ āļēුāļූāļē. āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļු āˇැāļŠ āˇāļŗāˇා āļļුāļģුāļŊ් āļŊාāļāļŠ āļˇාāˇිāļāļē āļ āļēෝāļ්āļē āˇෙāļēිāļą් āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āˇැāļŠ āˇා āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļු āˇැāļŠ āļ¸ිāˇ්āļģ āļāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļāļēේāļ¯ී āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āˇැāļŠ āļොāļ§āˇ āˇāļŗāˇා āļ¯ āļāļ¯ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļ් āļˇාāˇිāļ āļිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āˇිāļ¯ුāˇේ. āļāļŠැāļ්āļි, āļ´ෙāļ§්āļ§āļāļ¸්, āļļුāļŊāļ් āļāļ§්āļ§ු, āˇෙāļģāļ්āļාāļŊ, āˇෝāļ´ා, āˇොāļģāļĢෑ āļāļ¯ී āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āļ¸ෙāļී āļ¸ිāˇ්āļģ āļāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ āļුāˇ ිāļą් āļ¸āļąාāˇ āļąිāļ´āļ¯āˇිāļē āˇැāļ.
āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ිāˇු āļāļා āˇෙāˇෙāˇāļāļģ āļāļ§āļēුāļු āļģාāˇිāļēāļ් āļ āˇāˇāļąැ āļāļ¸ āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢ āļāˇ ිāļ¯ැāļ්āˇීāļ¸ āˇිāļ¯ුāļāļģāļි. āļāˇāˇ් āļāļ්āļ්āˇāļēේ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āļąිāˇ්āļ´ාāļ¯āļąāļē āļāļ¯ෙāˇා āļ¸ෙāļී āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļ¯ාāļēිāļ āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ āļ්āļģāļ¸āˇේāļ¯āļē āļෙāļģෙāˇි āļāˇුāļą් āļ¯āļ්āˇāļą්āļąේ āļ¸āˇāļ් āļෞāļģāˇ āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļēුāļ්āļ āļˇāļ්āļිāļēāļි. āˇිāˇිāļ° āļ¯ුāˇ්āļāļģāļා āļ¸ැāļ¯ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇිāļŊ්āļ´āļ්āļģāļ¸ āļ āļ¯්āļēāļāļąāļē āļ¯āļ්āˇා āļģැāļෙāļą āļāļ¸ āļˇාāļ්āļēāļēāļි. āļāļී āˇිāļŊ්āļ´āļ්āļģāļ¸ āļāļිāļąෙāļāļ§ āļļāļ¯්āļ° āˇූ āˇංāļීāļģ්āļĢ āļ්āļģිāļēාāļ¯ාāļ¸āļēāļි.
āļļොāļģ āļŊාāļāļŠ āˇෙāˇāļ් āļŊාāļිāļģි āļąිāˇ්āļ´ාāļ¯āļąāļē
āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļąිāˇ්āļ´ාāļ¯āļą āˇāļŗāˇා āļēොāļ¯ාāļāļą්āļąා āļ¸ුāļŊිāļ āļ āļ¸ුāļ¯්āļģāˇ්āļē āˇāļą්āļąේ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇෙāˇāļ් āļŊාāļāļŠāļē.āļ āļීāļāļēේāļ¯ී āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļ āļ¸ු āļ¯්āļģāˇ්āļē āļෙāļ¸ිāļ§ෙāļģා (chemitera) āļෝāļ්āļģāļēāļ§ āļ āļēāļ් āļොāļ්āˇිāļŠ් (coccid) āļුāļŊāļēේ āļෘāļ¸ිāļēෙāļු āˇාāļ āļ¸āļ āˇ්āļģාāˇāļē āļāļģāļą āļ¯ුāļ¸්āļ¸āļŊ āˇැāļąි āļ¯්āļģāˇ්āļēāļēāļ් āļāˇ්āļģāļēෙāļą් āˇāļāˇා āļැāļąුāļĢි. (āļ¸āļŊ්āļාāļą්āļි,2004(82) āļෝāļą්, āļ¸āˇāļą්, āļැāļ´්āļ´ෙāļ§ිāļēා, āļ´ිāˇිāļšිāļē, āļ¸ොāļģ, āļොāļļ්āļļෑ āļēāļą āˇාāļ āļāˇුāļģෙāˇි āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļෘāļ¸ීāˇු āˇීāļ්āļģ āļŊෙāˇ āļļෝāˇෙāļි. āļෘāļ¸ීāļą් āļ¯ෙāˇāļģ්āļāļēāļ් āļāˇුāļģිāļą් āļŊංāļාāˇේ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļŊැāļļේ. āļැāļ´්āļ´ෙāļ§ිāļēා āˇෙāˇāļ් āļෝāļą් āļąāļ¸් āļŊාāļāļŠ āˇāļģ්āļāļē āļැāļ´්āļ´ෙāļ§ිāļēා, āļෝāļą්, āˇිāļුāļģු āļēāļąාāļ¯ී āļāˇ් āļāˇ්āļģිāļāˇāļ් āļāļŊāļිāļģිāļēා āļąāļ¸් āļ āļąෙāļ් āļŊාāļāļŠ āˇිāˇේāˇāļē āļāļŊāļිāļģිāļēා āˇාāļāļē āļāˇුāļģිāļąුāļ් āļąිāˇ්āļ´ාāļ¯āļąāļē āˇේ. (āļුāļ¸ාāļģāˇ්āˇාāļ¸ි, 1962(213)
āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇැāˇීāļ¸ āˇූ āļāļŊී āˇුāļ¯ුāˇු āļāˇāļāļ§ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļෘāļ¸ීāļą් āļļෝāļāļģ āļāˇි āļŊාāļāļŠ āļąිāˇ්āļ´ාāļ¯āļąāļē āˇāļą්āļąāļ§ āˇැāļŊැāˇ්āˇීāļ¸āļēි.āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļෘāļ¸ිāļēāļą් āļąāˇ āˇාāļāļēāļāļ§ āļļෝ āˇāļą්āļąāļ§ āˇැāļģ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļģැāˇ්āļිāļģීāļ¸ āļāˇ āļēුāļුāļē. āļāļ් āļ´්āļģāļ¯ේāˇāļēේ āˇැāļ´්āļැāļ¸්āļļāļģ්, āļāļ්āļෝāļļāļģ් āļēāļą āļ¸ාāˇāˇāļŊāļ¯ී āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļ¸āļąාāˇ āļ´ැāˇී āļ´āˇāļිāļą (āˇෝāļ¸āļģāļ්āļą āˇāˇ āļ āļļේāˇāļģ්āļ°āļą, 1956(4) āļąāļ¸ුāļ් āļāļැāļ¸් āļ´්āļģāļ¯ේāˇāˇāļŊ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇෙāļąāļ් āļ¸ාāˇāˇāļŊāļ¯ී āļ´ැāˇේ. āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļģැāˇ් āļිāļģීāļ¸ේāļ¯ී āļąිāˇිāļŊෙāˇ āˇāļģ්āļ°āļąāļē āˇූ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇāˇිāļ āļ āļුāļģිāļිāļŊි āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļ් āļෝāļģා āļāļāļēුāļු āˇāļą්āļąේ āļąොāļ´ැāˇුāļĢු āļŊාāļāļŠāļēෙāļą් āļąිāļ´āļ¯āˇෙāļą āļŊාāļāļŠ āļāļ¯ āˇ්āˇāļˇාāˇāļēāļ් āļāļą්āļąා āļļැāˇිāļąි. āļāļŊේāļ´āļąāļēāļ§āļ¯ āļ āļēෝāļ්āļē āˇāļą āˇෙāļēිāļąි. āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇāˇිāļ āļ āļුāļģිāļිāļŊි āļāļ´ා āļ¯ිāļą āļිāˇිāļ´āļēāļ් āļ¸āˇු āˇාāļāļēේ āļිāļļෙāļąāļ§ āˇැāļģීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļāļ´්āļ´ාāļ¯ු āˇාāļ āļොāļ§āˇ්āˇි āˇූ āļෘāļ¸ීāˇු āļąොāļැāļ´ූ āļ āļුāļģිāļිāļŊිāˇāļŊāļ§ āļ¸ාāļģුāˇāļą āļ āļāļģ āļ¸ෙāļී āļ āļුāļģිāļිāļŊි āļ¸āļŗ āļ´āˇāļąේ āˇිāļēāˇ ා āļāˇි āˇූ āļŊාāļāļŠ āˇූāļģා āļģැāˇ්āļāļģ āļැāļąීāļ¸ āˇිāļ¯ුāļෙāļģේ. āļŊා āļිāļģි āˇා āļ āļ¸ුāļŊාāļāļŠ āˇāˇāļēෙāļą් āˇāļŗුāļą්āˇāļąු āļŊāļļāļą්āļąේ āļāļ්āļ āļļොāļģ āļŊාāļāļŠāļ¸ āˇේ.
āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇූāļ¯්āļ° āļිāļģීāļ¸
āļļොāļģ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļ āļිāļą් āˇුāļ¯්āļ° āļිāļģීāļ¸ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļ´ෙāļģීāļ¸ āļąāļ¸් āˇේ. āˇāļąේ āļොāļ§ා āļ´ොāļŊා āˇāļāˇāļą āļļොāļģ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļāļŊ් āļ¯ිāļē āˇāˇිāļ āļොāļģāˇේ āļ āļුāļŊ්āļŊා āˇේāļ¯ීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ´āˇු āļ´āˇāļąේ āˇිāļēāˇ ා āļŊාāļāļŠ āļ´ෙāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා āļēොāļģ් āļැāļąේ. āļ āˇāļŗāˇා āļŊාāļāļŠ āļ´ෙāļą්āļ¯ුāˇ, āļ´ෙāļą්āļ¯ු āļąූāļŊ්, āļŊාāļāļŠ āļූāļģු, āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļŗ, āļēāļāļŠ āļ´āļුāļģ āˇෝ āļēāļු āļāļŊāļē, āļ´āļ් āļොāˇ āļē āˇා āļිāļąි āļāļļāļŊ āļ āļ්āļēāˇāˇ්āļē āļāļ´āļāļģāļĢ āˇේ. āļ´ෙāļģූ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļāˇāļ§ āļāļ¯ීāļ¸ (āˇෝāļ¸āļģāļ්āļą āˇāˇ āļ āļļේāˇāļģ්āļ°āļą, 1956(28) āļāˇ āļēුāļුāļē. āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļģāļ්āļොāļ§ āļāļ¯ීāļ¸ āļāˇāļ§ āļāļ¯ීāļ¸āļēි. āļāˇāļ§ āļāļ¯ීāļ¸ āļුāˇ ිāļą් āļŊාāļ්āˇාāˇāļŊ āˇූ āļāˇāļ§ āˇ්āˇāļˇාāˇ āļēāļ§āļ´āļ්āˇ āļģāļą්āˇāļą් āļ´ැāˇැāļē āļ¸āļුāˇෙāļēි. āˇāļģ්āļāļ¸ාāļąāļēේ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļෘāļ¸ිāļēා āļŊංāļාāˇෙāļą් āˇāļŗ āˇී āļොāˇ් āļē. āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇැāˇීāļ¸ āˇෝ āļļොāļģ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļąිāˇ්āļ´ාāļ¯āļąāļēāļ් āļ āļ¯්āļēāļāļąāļēේ āˇිāļ¯ු āļąොāˇේ. āļ¸ෙāļී āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇුāļ¯්āļ° āļිāļģීāļ¸ේ āˇාāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļ¯ාāļēිāļ āļģāļ§ාāˇ āˇāļ¸ාāļĸāļēෙāļą් āˇිāļēෑāļී āļāļ. āˇāļģ්āļāļ¸ාāļąāļēේ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļ¯ේāˇāļāļēāļ් āˇāˇāļēෙāļą් āļāļą්āļ¯ිāļēාāˇෙāļą් āļāļąāļēāļąāļē āļොāļ§ āļēāļą්āļ්āļģාāļąුāˇාāļģāļēෙāļą් āļ´āˇිāļ්āļģ āˇූ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇෙāˇāļ් āˇැāļŊැāļ් āļˇාāˇිāļāļēāļ§ āļāļąී. āļ āˇāļŊ්, āļ āļģāļ්āļ āļąාāļ¸ āˇූ āļāļŊී āļāļ§ āļ´āļģ්āļēාāļē āļ´āļ¯āļēි. āļ¸ෙāˇේ āļāļąāļēāļąිāļ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļˇාāˇිāļ āļාāļģ්āļēāļēāļą්āļ§ āˇāļģිāļŊāļą āļ´āļģිāļ¯ි āˇිāˇිāļ° āļ¯āˇ්āļē āļ¸ිāˇ්āļģ āļිāļģීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļąොāļēෙāļ් āļŊාāļāļŠ āˇāļģ්āļ āˇāļāˇා āļāļąු āļŊැāļļේ.
āļāļŊිāļļිāļŊිāļ ්āļ ි āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇා āļŊාāļāļŠ āļෑāļŊි āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē
āļāļŊ්āļෝāļ´්āļ´āļē, āļāļŊ්āļ āļ, āļāļŊāļą āļŊීāļē, āļģාāļ්āļāļŊ් āˇāļāļ් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āˇූ āļ´ිāˇිāļē, āļŊාāļāļŠ āļූāļģු, āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļŗ, āļිāļąි āļāļļāļŊ āļāļ¯ී āļ¸ෙāˇāļŊāļ¸් āļˇාāˇිāļāļēෙāļą් āˇාāļēāļ¸් āˇāļģ්āļ āļ¸ිāˇ්āļģිāļāˇ āļāļŊා āļ´āļ¯āļ¸් āļāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļැāļļāļŊි āˇැāļāˇීāļ¸ āļāļŊිāļļිāļŊිāļ ්āļ ි āļිāļģීāļ¸ āļēි. āļ āļීāļāļēේāļ¯ී āļ āˇāˇ්āļē āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļ§ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļ¸ෘāļ¯ු āļāļģāļැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āˇා āļāļ´ āļැāļą්āˇීāļ¸āļ§ āļ´ොāļු āļāˇāļ්āļāˇ āļāļŦāļģු āļāļ§ āˇāļ¸āļ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļැāļŊීāļ¸ āˇිāļ¯ුāļāˇ āļ් āˇāļģ්āļāļ¸ාāļąāļēේ āļ āˇāļ¯āˇා āļģāļ§ āļ¯ුāļ¸්āļ¸āļŊ āļ¸ිāˇ්āļģ āļෙāļģේ.
āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ීāˇු āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇāļŗāˇා āļēොāļ¯ාāļāļ් āˇාāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļ¯ාāļēිāļ āˇāļģ්āļĢ āˇාāļ¯ිāļŊිංāļāļ¸්, āļāļŊ් āˇිāļģිāļēāļŊ්, āļģāļą් āˇිāļģිāļēāļŊ්, āļ´ූāļąිāļŊ් āļąāļ¸් āļ´ාāˇාāļĢ āˇා āļąිāļŊ් āļ āˇāļģිāļē, āļොāļāļ§ු, āļ āļģāļŊිāļē, āļāļŊිāļŗ āˇැāļąි āˇ්āˇāļˇාāˇිāļ āļ¯්āļģāˇ්āļē āļුāˇ ිāļą් āˇāļāˇ් āļāļģāļāļąිāļි. āļģāļු, āļāˇ āˇāˇ āļāˇ ු āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļ් āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļāļēේ āļ¸ූāļŊිāļ āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļŊෙāˇ āļ āļීāļāļēේ āļˇාāˇිāļ āļāˇ āļąāļ¸ුāļ් āļąිāļŊ්, āļොāˇ , āˇුāļ¯ු āˇැāļąි āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļ¯ āļ´āˇුāļාāļŊීāļąāˇ āļˇාāˇිāļāļēāļ§ āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļĢ āļāļ. āˇāļģ්āļāļ¸ාāļąāļēේ āļ¯āļ¸්, āļāļēāļ¸්, āļāļš, āļģāļą් āˇැāļąි āˇෙāļąāļ් āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļēොāļ¯ාāļāļąු āļŊāļļāļą්āļąේ āļēāļą්āļ්āļģාāļąුāˇාāļģāļēෙāļą් āļąිāļ´āļ¯āˇāļą āļ§āļēිāļ§ේāļąිāļēāļ¸් āˇා āļļේāļēāļģ් āļąāļ¸් āļŠāļēි āˇāļģ්āļ āļāļ´āļēෝāļී āļāļģāļැāļąීāļ¸ෙāļąි.
āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļැāļŊිāļļිāļŊිāļ ්āļ ි āļිāļģීāļ¸ේ āļ්āļģāļ¸ āļ¯ෙāļāļි.
* āļŊාāļāļŠ āļූāļģු āļ¯ෙāļāļ් āļෙāļą āļāˇි āļෙāˇ āˇāļģ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļැāļļැāļŊ්āļŊāļ් āļģāļŗāˇා āļ´ොāļŊ් āļāļ§ු āļ āļුāļģු āļāļ°ාāļģāļēෙāļą් āļģāļ් āļāļģāļąු āļŊැāļļේ. āļ´āˇුāˇ āļāˇි āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļුāļŠු āļāˇāļģා āļŊාāļāļŠ āļූāļģ āļāļ°ාāļģāļēෙāļą් āļāˇāˇ āļ§ āļ āļ¯ිāļ¸ිāļą් āļŊාāļāļŠ āļැāļļැāļŊ්āļŊāļ§ āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļ¸ිāˇ්āļģ āļāˇ āļēුāļුāļē. āˇාāļēāļ¸් āļ¸ිāˇ්āļģිāļ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļැāļļැāļŊ්āļŊ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļŗ āļ¸āļ āļāļļා āļ´ිāˇිāļēෙāļą් āļැāļŊීāļ¸ෙāļą් āˇāļŠාāļ් āˇොāļ¯ිāļą් āˇාāļēāļ¸් āļ¸ිāˇ්āļģāˇීāļ¸ āˇිāļ¯ුāˇේ.
* āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļැāļą්āˇිāļē āļēුāļු āļŊාāļāļŠ āļැāļļැāļŊ්āļŊ āˇෘāļ්āļාāļාāļģāˇ āļුāļąීāļāļģ āļ āļ¸āļ āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļුāļŠු āļāˇāļģා āļģāļ් āļāˇ āļēුāļුāļē. āļුāļąි āļāˇ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļොāļ§āˇāļ āˇාāļēāļ¸් āļුāļŠු āļ¸āļ°්āļēāļēේ āļāļļා āļŊාāļāļŠ āļූāļģāļ් āļāļ°ාāļģāļēෙāļą් āļāˇāˇ āļ§ āļ āļ¯ිāļ¸ිāļą් āļāˇāļ¯ුāļģāļ§āļ් āˇාāļēāļ¸් āļුāļŠු āļ¸ිāˇ්āļģāļāˇ āļēුāļුāļē. āˇාāļēāļ¸් āļුāļŠු āļ¸ිāˇ්āļģ āˇීāļ¸ āļ āļąāļුāļģුāˇ āļāļ¸ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļොāļ§āˇ් āļැāļŊීāļ¸ āļāˇ āļēුāļුāļē.
āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļැāļą්āˇීāļ¸ේāļ¯ී āļ´āļ¯āļ¸ āˇා āļ´ිāļģිāˇිāļ¯ු āļļāˇāļ් āļāļą āļļāˇ āˇා āļļāļģ āļ´ිāˇ ිāļļāļŗāˇāļ් āˇිāļ¸āˇිāļŊිāļ¸āļ් āˇීāļ¸ෙāļą් āˇේāļුāˇෙāļą් āļ āˇāˇ්āļē āļ´ැāˇැāļē āˇා āˇāļ්āļිāļē āˇුāļģැāļෙāļą āˇේ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļැāļļāļŊි āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļāļģ āļāļ āˇැāļිāļē.
āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļāļą්āˇා āļāļŊāļąු āļŊැāļļූ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļුāļąීāļāļģ āļ āļāļŊ් āļāļ āˇāļ¸ාāļģāļ් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āļ¯ිāļ āļ´āˇ āļŊ āˇිāļ§ිāļą āˇේ āļāļ´ා āļැāļąීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļු āˇැāļŠ āˇāļŗāˇාāļ් āļāļąāļāļ¸ āļ¸āļŗāļ් āļ āļŠු āļ¯ිāļ āļැāļļāļŊි āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āˇැāļŠ āˇāļŗāˇාāļ් āļˇාāˇිāļ āļāļģāļēි. 'āļŊාāļāļŠ āļෑāļŊි' āļŊෙāˇ āˇ්āļēāˇāˇාāļģ āˇāļą්āļąේ āļ¸ෙāļŊෙāˇ āˇැāļāˇූ āļŊාāļāļŠ āˇāļŗāˇාāļē.
āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļāļēේ āļāļŊාāļ්āļ¸āļ āļŊāļ්āˇāļĢ
āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇිāļŊ්āļ´āļēේ āļāļŊාāļ්āļ¸āļ āˇා āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢාāļ්āļ¸āļ āļ ංāˇāļē āˇāļą්āļąේ āļąිāļ¸ැāˇුāļ¸් āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āˇāļŗāˇා āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļŊේāļ´āļąāļē āˇāˇ āˇැāļģāˇිāļŊි āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģ āļēෙāļ¯ීāļ¸ේ āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ āļ්āļģāļ¸āļēāļēි. āļ¸ුāļŊිāļ āļ්āļģāļ¸ āļ¯ෙāļāļ් āļāˇ්āˇේ āļ¸ෙāļී āļ´ාāļģāļ¸්āļ´āļģිāļ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇිāļŊ්āļ´āļēේ āļāļŊාāļ්āļ¸āļ āļ ංāˇāļē āˇāļāˇ් āˇී āļ´āˇāļී.
1 āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļු āˇැāļŠ
2 āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āˇැāļŠ āˇāˇāļēෙāļąි.
āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļු āˇැāļŠ āˇෙāˇāļ් āļ¸ේāˇāļģ āˇැāļŠ
āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊāļēāļ් āļˇාāˇිāļ āļąොāļොāļ§ āļ¸āˇāļ´āļ§ැāļිāļŊ්āļŊේ āļąිāļē āļāļ°ාāļģāļēෙāļą් āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļāļģāļĢāļēේ āļēෙāļ¯ීāļ¸ āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļු āˇැāļŠ āļąāļ¸ි. āļ āļිāļą් āļŊාāļāļŠ āļෑāļ¸ āˇා āļāļ´ āļ¯ැāļ¸ීāļ¸ āļ¸ේāˇāļģ āˇැāļŠ āļąāļ¸්. āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļු āˇැāļŠ āļ¯ුāļ¸ිāļą්āļ¯ාāļāļ¸āļąāļēේ āļ āļ§āˇ ොāˇ් āļුāļŊ āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ීāļą් āˇා āļļැāļŗේ. āˇ්āļģී āļ¸āˇ āļļෝāļ°ීāļą් āˇāˇāļą්āˇේāļ§ āļොāļŠි āļ¸ිāļ§ි, āˇේāˇāļ් āļ¸ිāļ§ි āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļ¸ේāˇāļģ āˇැāļŠ āļුāˇ ිāļą් āļ āļŊංāļාāļģ āļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļģāˇා āļāļ් āļ්āļģāļ¸āļē āˇāļ¸ාāļĸāļēේ āļ´්āļģāļ āļŊිāļ āˇී āļāļ. āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļු āˇැāļŠ āˇāļŗāˇා āļ¸ාāļāļŊේ (āļ´āļŊ්āļŊේ) āˇāļ´ුāˇිāļ¯ āļ්āļģාāļ¸āļē āļ āļීāļāļēේ āˇිāļ§āļ¸ āļ´්āļģāˇිāļ¯්āļ°ිāļēāļ් āļāˇුāļŊāļą්āļąේ āļ¸ෙāˇි āˇූ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ීāļą් āļ āļąුāļģාāļ°āļ´ුāļģāļēේ āˇිāļ§ āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļĢි āļļāˇāļ§ āˇāļą āˇිāˇ්āˇාāˇāļē āļ´ෙāļģāļ¯ැāļģිāˇāļēි.
āļ¸ේāˇāļģ āˇැāļŠ āˇāļ¯āˇා āļ´āˇ āļ¸ුāˇ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļēේ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļŊේāļ´ āļāˇ āļēුāļුāļē. āˇැāļŊි āļāļŠāļ¯ාāˇි āļ āļŊ්āļŊා āˇෝ āļēāļු āļා āļ¸ෘāļ¯ු āļ´ෘāˇ්āļ¨āļēāļ් āļļāˇāļ§ āļ´āļ්āļāˇ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļē āˇා āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļැāļą්āˇූ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļģāļ්āļāļģ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļēේ āˇොāļŗිāļą් āļāˇāļģා āļāļŊ්āļොāˇ āļāļ°ාāļģāļēෙāļą් āļ¸ැāļ¯ීāļ¸ āļāļģāļąු āļŊāļļāļą්āļąේ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļēāļ§ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļ¸āļąාāˇ āļා āˇැāļ¯්āļ¯ීāļ¸āļ§āļ් āļāļ´āˇāļ් āˇීāļ¸āļ් āļ āļģāļˇāļēාāļē. āļ āˇāˇාāļąāļēේ āļģෙāļ¯ි āļැāļļැāļŊ්āļŊāļ් āļģāļ්āļāļģ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļē āļ´ිāļģිāļ¸ැāļ¯ීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ āļ´ේāļ්āˇා āļāļģāļą්āļąේ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļēේ āļ¯ීāļ´්āļිāļ¸āļ් āļˇාāˇāļēāļēි.
āļ්āļģāļ¸ āļිāˇිāļ´āļēāļ් āļāˇ්āˇේ āˇාāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļ¯ාāļēිāļ āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ීāļą් āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļැāļŊ්āˇීāļ¸ āˇිāļ¯ුāļāļģ āļāļ.
1 āļāˇāļŊāļ¸් āļෑāļ¸
āļ¯්āˇි āˇāļģ්āļĢ āˇෝ āˇāļģ්āļĢ āˇංāļāļŊāļąāļē āļāļģāļ¸ිāļą් āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļēāļ āˇිāˇිāļ° āļ´ැāļි āļāļŊේāļ´ āļāļģ āļ¸ැāļ¯ීāļ¸ āļāˇāļŊāļ¸් āļෑāļ¸ āļąāļ¸් āˇිāļē.
2 āˇāļŊිāļ ්āļ ි āļෑāļ¸
āļāļ් āˇāļģ්āļĢāļēāļ් āļˇාāˇිāļāļēෙāļą් āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļēāļ් āļāļŊේāļ´ āļāļģ āļ āļ¸āļ āˇෙāļąāļ් āˇāļģ්āļĢāļēāļිāļą් āļāļ¸āļąāļ§ āļ āļˇිāļ¸āļ āļොāļ§āˇ් āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļāļą්āˇා āļģāļ්āļāļģ āļ¸ැāļ¯ීāļ¸ āļ¸ෙāˇිāļ¯ී āˇිāļ¯ුāˇේ.
āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļēāļ් āļ¸ෙāļŊෙāˇ āˇāļāˇා āļැāļąීāļ¸ āļ¸ේāˇāļģ āļිāļģීāļ¸ āļąāļ¸් āˇේ. āļිāˇිāļēāļ¸් āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļēāļ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļ āļිāļą් āļąොāļා (āļ¸ේāˇāļģ āļąොāļēොāļ¯ා) āļąිāļē āˇැāļŠ āˇිāļ¯ු āļąොāļිāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļ¯ාāļēāļēි. āļ¸ේāˇāļģ āˇැāļŠ āļēāļąු āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļු āˇැāļŠ āˇāļŊ āļāļģāļ¸්āļˇāļ āļාāļģ්āļēāļē āļŊෙāˇ āˇැāļŊāļිāļē āˇැāļිāļē. āļ¸ෙāļŊෙāˇ āˇැāļāˇූ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļēāļą්āˇි āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļෙāļŗි āļ¸āļිāļą් āˇැāļģāˇිāļŊි āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģ āļēෙāļ¯ීāļ¸ āļąිāļē āˇැāļŠāˇāļŊ āļ´්āļģāļ°ාāļąāļāļ¸ āļාāļģ්āļēāļēāļēි. āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļ්āļෙāļą් āˇැāļŠ āļ¯ැāļ¸ීāļ¸ āˇāļŗāˇා āļ āˇāˇ්āļē āļ´්āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļēāļ§ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļෙāļ¯ි āˇāļāˇාāļāļ āļēුāļූāļē. āļ āˇāļŗāˇා āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ීāļą්āļ§ āˇāļāļාāļˇ්āļēාāˇāļē āļිāļļිāļē āļēුāļුāļē. āļ¸ේāˇāļģ āļāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āļģāļ් āļāļģ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļෙāļŗි āļ¸āˇāļ´āļ§ැāļිāļŊ්āļŊේ āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļ්āļ āļāļ°ාāļģāļēෙāļą් āļ āļŊāˇāļą්āļąේ āļ āļˇිāļ¸āļ āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģ āļģāļ§ා āļąිāļģූāļ´āļĢāļē āˇāļą āļ´āļģිāļ¯ිāļē. āļ āļąāļුāļģුāˇ āļāļŊ්āļොāˇ āļēāļ් āļˇාāˇිāļāļēෙāļą් āļ¸āļ¯ිāļąු āļŊැāļļීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģāļē āļāļ´āˇāļ් āˇේ.
āˇාāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļ¯ාāļēිāļ āļąිāļēāˇැāļŠ āļ¸āļිāļą් āļāļ´āˇāļ් āˇූ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āļ āļීāļāļēේ āˇිāļ§āļ¸ āļ¯ෙāˇ් āˇිāļ¯ෙāˇ් āļ´ිāˇ ිāļැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļŊāļ්āˇිāļē. āļāļ¸ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āļ āļāļģ āļ āˇ් āļ āļු āļ¸ිāļ§ි āļ ංāļුāˇāļē āļොāļŠි āļ¸ිāļ§ි āļිāļģāļ´ොāļŊු āļ´ොāļ්, āļāļ¸්āļļ āļļāˇ්āļāļ¸් (āļ āļŠි āļුāļąāļēි) āļ¸ුāļģ āļāˇුāļ¯ āļ¸ිāļ§ි āˇāļ§ාāļ´āļ්, āļ¸ිāļ§ි āˇිāļēāļą්, āļ¸ිāļ§ි āˇැāļģāļ¸ිāļ§ි (āļ āļŠි āˇāļāļģāļēි) āˇෙāļĢ්āļŠු āļ¸ිāļ§ි āļ´්āļģāļ°ාāļą āˇිāļē. āļąිāļēāˇැāļŠ āˇāˇිāļ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļąිāˇ්āļ´ාāļ¯āļą āˇෙāˇāļ් āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļු āˇැāļŠ āˇāļŊāļ¯ී āˇාāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļ¯ාāļēිāļ āļ¯ේāˇීāļē āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģ āļģāļ§ාāˇāļą් āˇූ āˇැāļŊ් āļ´ොāļ "āļāļ¯ාāļģ āļොāļĢ්āļŠු (āˇāļģāļŊ āļģේāļා), āļļිāļą්āļ¯ු āˇāˇ āļāļŊ් (āļ¯ිāļēāļ¸āļą්āļි āˇැāļŠ āļāļි āļැāļļāļŊි), āļොāˇ āˇැāļŊ (āļāļෙāļą āļ āļු āˇෝ āˇැāļŊ් āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģāļēāļ්), āļŊāļĢු āļැāļ§, āļ´āļුāļģ (āļ¯ිāļ් āˇිāˇāļ¸ āļ´ාāļ¯ āļ්āļģිāļෝāļĢ), āļļෝ āļොāˇ " āļ¯ැāļŊ, āˇුāļŊි āˇැāļŊ āˇැāļąි āļēොāļ¯ා āļැāļąේ.
āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ āˇැāļŠ āļුāˇ ිāļą් āļąිāļ´āļ¯āˇāļą āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ
āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āˇāļŗāˇා āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģ āļēෙāļ¯ීāļ¸ේ āļ්āļģāļ¸āˇේāļ¯ āļ āļāļģ āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊāļēෙāļą් āˇැāļŠ āļ¯ැāļ¸ීāļ¸ āļ āļąෙāļ් āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļ¯ාāļēāļēි. āļ¯ුāļ¸්āļļāļģ āļ¯ිāˇාāˇේ āˇුāļģීāļāļŠුāˇේ āˇා āļ¸ාāļāļģ āļ¯ිāˇාāˇේ āļ āļුāļŊ්āļ¸āļŦු āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ීāˇු āļ´ැāļģāļĢි āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āļ්āļģāļ¸āļēāļ§ āļ´්āļģāˇිāļ¯්āļ° āˇූāˇෝ āˇෙāļ්. āˇāļ්āļģාāļාāļģ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āļ්āļģāļ¸āˇේāļ¯āļē āļ¸āļිāļą් āˇිāļ¯ුāˇේ. āļ´ැāļģāļĢි āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āļ්āļģāļ¸āļē āļ්āļģිāļēාāļ්āļ¸āļ āˇූāļēේ āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ීāļą් āļ¯ෙāļ¯ෙāļąāļුāļේ āˇ්āļģāļ¸ āļ´ුāļģāļĢāļēෙāļąි. āļŊāļĢුāˇ āļāļ¯ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļē āļāļģāļැāˇීāļ¸ āļāļ් āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ිāļēෙāļූ āˇිāļ¯ුāļāļģāļ¯්āļ¯ී āļāļ§ුāˇ āļ āļŊ්āļŊා āļŊිāļēāˇීāļ¸ āļ āļąෙāļ් āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ිāļēාāļේ āļģාāļĸāļාāļģිāļēāļēි. āļāļąි āļ´ාāļ§ āˇා āļāļģි āļෑāļ¸ āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļ් āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ āļ¸āļිāļą් āˇිāļ¯ුāˇිāļē. āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļ¯ෙāļāļ් āˇංāļāļŊāļąāļē āˇāļą āļ āˇāˇ්āļŽාāˇේāļ¯ී āļāļē āļāˇ ු āˇැāļąි āļāļ¯ āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļāļģි āļෑāļ¸ āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļ¯ාāļē āˇිāļē. āˇැāļ§āļේ āļොāˇ āļēෙāˇි āļැāˇāļģූ āļ´ොāļŊ්āļෙāļŊ් āļēොāļ¯ා āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļē āļāļ´ āļිāļģීāļ¸ āļ´ැāļģāļĢි āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āļ්āļģāļ¸āˇේāļ¯āļēāļēි.
āļŊංāļාāˇේ āļˇාāˇිāļ āˇූ āļ´ැāļģāļĢි āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊāļēāļ§ āˇāļŠා āˇāļģ්āļāļ¸ාāļąāļēේ āˇāļ´ුāˇිāļ¯ āļ´්āļģāļ¯ේāˇāļēේ āļˇාāˇිāļ āˇāļą āļāļą්āļ¯ීāļē āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊāļē āļ´ැāļģāļĢි āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āļ්āļģāļ¸āļēāļ§ āˇāļŠා āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āļŊිāļēāˇීāļ¸ āˇා āļŊාāļāļŠ āļāļŊේāļ´ āļිāļģීāļ¸ āļēāļą āļාāļģ්āļēāļēāļ¯්āˇāļēāļ¸ āˇිāļ¯ු āļāˇ āˇැāļිāļē.
* āļ´āļ§ි āļෑāļ¸
* āļැāļ§āļēāļ¸් āļෑāļ¸
* āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļිāļŊ්āļŊāˇීāļ¸
* āļļāļිāļ් āˇා āˇේāļŠිāļą් āļ්āļģāļ¸āļē
* āļļිāļą්āļ¯ු āˇිāļ§ිāļąāˇේ āļෑāļ¸
āļąූāļāļą āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āˇැāļŠ āļ´්āļģāļ°ාāļą āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģ āļ්āļģāļ¸āˇේāļ¯ āˇāˇāļēෙāļą් āˇāļŗුāļąාāļāļ āˇැāļිāļē. āļැāļ§āļēāļ¸් āļැāļ´ීāļ¸ āļ´ිāļĢිāˇ āļැāļ§āļēāļ¸් āļෑāļ¸ āˇිāļ¯ුāļāˇ āļēුāļූāļē. āļිāˇිāļēāļ¸් āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļēāļ āļāļ් āļāļ් āˇāļģ්āļĢāļēෙāļą් āļēුāļ් āļŊාāļāļŠ āļāļ§්āļ§ු āļāļāļ´ිāļ§ āļāļ āļāˇāļģා āļ´ිāļි āļෑāļŊි āļ¸āļිāļą් āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸් āļොāļ§ āļ āˇāˇාāļąāļēේ āļ´ොāļŊ්āļෙāļŊ් āļāˇāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āˇැāļ§āļේ āļොāˇ āļēෙāļą් āˇා āļģෙāļ¯ි āļැāļļැāļŊ්āļŊāļිāļą් āļāļ´ āļ¯āļ¸ා āļැāļ§āļēāļ¸් āļැāļ´ීāļ¸ āˇāļ¯āˇා āļāļ āļēුāļුāļē.
āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļ§්āļ§ු āļāļŊේāļ´āļąāļēේ āļ´්āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļ āļąුāˇ āˇāļģ්āļĢ āˇංāļēෝāļĸāļąāļēෙāļą් āļැāļ§āļēāļ¸් āļැāļ´ීāļ¸ āˇිāļ¯ුāļāˇ āˇැāļ. āļŊිāļēāˇැāļŊ්, āļ¸āļŊ්āˇැāļŊ්, āˇංāˇ āļ´ූāļ§්āļ§ු, āļāļĸāˇිංāˇ āļģූāļ´ āˇැāļąි āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģ āˇාāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļ¯ාāļēිāļ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āˇāļŗāˇා āļēොāļ¯āļąු āļŊāļļāļą āļැāļ§āļēāļ¸් āˇේ. āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ිāļēාāļේ āļ¯āļ්āˇāļා āļ¸āļ āļැāļ§āļēāļ¸්āˇāļŊ āļුāļĢාāļ්āļ¸āļ āˇා āļāļŊාāļ්āļ¸āļ āļˇාāˇāļē āļģැāļŗී āļ´āˇāļී.
āļැāļ§āļēāļ¸් āļිāļŊ්āļŊāˇීāļ¸ āļ āļąෙāļ් āļ්āļģāļ¸āļēāļēි. āļŊිāļēāˇāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļē āˇැāļŊිāļāļŠāļ¯ාāˇි āļ āļŊ්āļŊා āˇāļāˇ්āļāļģ āļැāļąීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ āļąāļුāļģුāˇ āļāļą āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļ§්āļ§ුāˇāļ් āļāļŊේāļ´ āļāļģ āļ´ිāļි āļෑāļŊ්āļŊāļිāļą් āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸් āļොāļ§ āļ āļ¸āļ āļැāļ§āļēāļ¸් āļāļ§ුāˇ āˇෝ āļāļŊ් āļāļ§ුāˇ āļˇාāˇිāļāļēෙāļą් āļ āļˇිāļ¸āļ āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģ āļැāļ´ිāļē āļēුāļුāļē. āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģ āļ¸āļ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļāˇāļģා āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸් āļිāļģීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļāļ´āļą āļŊāļ¯ āļැāļ§āļēāļ¸් āļුāˇ āļ§ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļා āˇැāļ¯ෙāļēි. āļģෙāļ¯ිāļāļŠāļ āļļāˇාāļŊු āļļොāļģāļāļŊ් āļුāļŠු āˇැāˇීāļිāļē āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģāļēේ āļāļිāļŊ්āļŊීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļŊාāļāļŠ āļා āˇැāļ¯ුāļĢු āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģāļē āļ¸āļු āļāļģāļāļąී. āļāˇිāļ§ āļļොāļģāļāļŊ් āļුāļŠු āļāˇāļ්āļāļģ āļ´ොāļŊ්āļෙāļŊ් āˇ්āˇāļŊ්āļ´āļēāļ් āļැāˇāļģූ āļģෙāļ¯ි āļැāļļැāļŊ්āļŊāļිāļą් āļāļ´ āļ¯ැāļ¸ීāļ¸ āˇිāļ¯ුāļāļģāļēි. āļ¸ේ āļ්āļģāļ¸āˇේāļ¯āļē āļāˇ්āˇේ āļāļāļ¸ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļēේ āļොāļ§āˇ්āˇāļŊ āļąා āļąා āˇāļģ්āļĢāˇāļ් āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļිāļŊ්āļŊāˇා āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģ āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļāˇ āˇැāļිāļē.
āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āˇැāļŠ āˇāļŊāļ¯ී āļˇාāˇිāļ āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģ āļēෙāļ¯ීāļ¸ේ āļ්āļģāļ¸ āļ āļāļģ āļļāļිāļ් āˇා āˇේāļŠිāļą් āļ්āļģāļ¸āļēāļ§ āˇිāˇේāˇ āļැāļąāļ් āˇිāļ¸ි āˇේ. āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸් āļිāļģීāļ¸āļ් āˇෝ āļāļ´ āļ¯ැāļ¸ීāļ¸āļ් āļąොāļāļģāļą āļļāļිāļ් āļ්āļģāļ¸āļēේ āļ¯ී āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļēāļ āļāļąāļāļ¸ āļ්āļģāļ¸āļēෙāļą් āļ āļŠුāˇāļą āˇේ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļ§්āļ§ු āļුāļąāļ් āļāˇāļģāļąු āļŊැāļļේ. āļ āˇāˇාāļąāļēේ āļ´ිāļි āļෑāļŊ්āļŊ āˇෝ āˇැāļ§āļේ āļොāˇ āļāļ°ාāļģāļēෙāļą් āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸්āļāļģ āļģෙāļ¯ි āļැāļļැāļŊ්āļŊāļ āļ´ොāļŊ් āļෙāļŊ් āļēොāļ¯ා āļāļ´ āļ¯āļ¸āļąු āļŊāļļāļēි. āˇේāļŠිāļą් āļ්āļģāļ¸āļēේāļ¯ී āļ´āˇ āļ¸ු āļāļ§්āļ§ුāˇ āļා āļ¸āļ¯ිāļą āļąāļ¸ුāļ් āļ¯ෙāˇāļąි āļāļ§්āļ§ුāˇ āļļුāļģුāļŊ් āļŊාāļāļŠ āļැāļ§ āˇිāļ§ිāļą්āļąāļ§ āļැāˇāļģීāļ¸ āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļ¯ාāļēāļēි. āļැāļ§ āˇිāļ§ිāļą්āļąāļ§ āļෑāļ¸ේāļ¯ී āļ¸ැāļ¯ āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸් āļිāļģීāļ¸āļ් āļąොāļෙāļģේ.
āļļිāļą්āļ¯ු āˇිāļ§ිāļą āˇේ āļෑāļ¸ āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āļ්āļģāļ¸āļēේāļ¯ී āļˇාāˇිāļ āļ¸ෝāˇ්āļāļģ āļēෙāļ¯ීāļ¸ේ āļāˇāļ් āļ්āļģāļ¸āļēāļ් āļŊෙāˇ āˇāļŗුāļąාāļāļ āˇැāļිāļē. āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļ¸් āˇāļŗāˇා āˇැāļāˇූ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļē āļ´āļ§්āļŊāļēāļ§ āˇāˇිāļāļģ āˇාāļ¸ාāļą්āļē āļŊාāļāļŠ āļāļ§්āļ§ුāˇāļ් āļāˇāļģා āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸් āļිāļģීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ´āˇු āļļුāļģුāļŊ් āļ¯්āˇිāˇāļģ්āļĢ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļැāļļāļŊි āļ´āˇ āļ¸ු āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļāļ§්āļ§ුāˇ āļ¸āļිāļą් āļ āļ āļļුāļģුāļŊෙāļą් āļāļŊ්āļŊීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļŊාāļāļŠ āļļිāļą්āļ¯ු āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļē āˇිāļ¯ුāˇේ. āļෙāļ āļģෙāļ¯ිāļāļŠāļ āļļāˇාāļŊු āļļොāļģ āļāļŊ්āļුāļŠු āļ¸āļිāļą් āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļē āļ¸āļ¯ිāļą āˇිāļ§āļ¯ි āļ්āļģි āˇāļģ්āļĢ āļļිāļą්āļ¯ු āļ¸āļුāˇේ. āļāˇිāļ¯ී āļ´ොāļŊ් āļෙāļŊ් āļැāˇāļģූ āļģෙāļ¯ි āļැāļļැāļŊ්āļŊāļ් āļ¸āļිāļą් āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠāļē āļāļ´ āļ¯āļ¸ා āļැāļąීāļ¸ āˇāļ¸්āļ´්āļģāļ¯ාāļēāļēි.
āļ´ාāļģāļ¸්āļ´āļģිāļ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ, āļąāˇීāļą āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āˇා āļāļ´āļēෝāļිāļා āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āˇāˇāļēෙāļą් āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āļ්āļģāļ¸āļēේāļ¯ී āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āˇāļģ්āļ āļූāļąāļ් āļāļąāļąු āļŊැāļļේ. āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āˇැāļŠāˇāļŊāļ¯ී āļ´ාāļģāļ¸්āļ´āļģිāļ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āˇāļŗāˇා āˇංāˇ්āļෘāļිāļ¸āļē āˇāļ§ිāļąාāļāļ¸āļ් āˇිāļ¸ිāˇේ.āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āˇැāļŠāˇāļŊිāļą් āļąිāļ´āļ¯āˇāļą āļ´ාāļģāļ¸්āļ´āļģිāļ āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āļģැāˇāļි. āļ āˇ ු āļļāļŗුāļą් āļāļˇāļģāļĢ āˇෙāļ´්āļ´ු (āļ¸ංāļĸුāˇා) āļāļŊāļ්āļāļ§්āļ§ු āļāļąāļ´්āļ´ු āļ´ෝāļ ්āļ ි āļļීāļģāˇ ු āļ¸āļŊ් āļ´ෝāļ ්āļ ි āˇෙāļģāļ්āļාāļŊ āˇāļŊං āˇෙāļ´්āļ´ු āļ āļ āļāļģ āˇේ.
āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āˇැāļŠ āˇා āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļු āˇැāļŠ āļ¸ිāˇ්āļģ āˇිāļŊ්āļ´āļē
āļēāļą්āļ්āļģාāļąුāˇාāļģāļēෙāļą් āļෙāļģෙāļą āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āˇැāļŠ āˇා āˇිāļŊ්āļ´ීāļē āļąිāļ´ුāļĢāļාāˇāļēෙāļą්āļ¸ āˇිāļ¯ුāļāļģāļą āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļුāˇැāļŠ āļ¸ිāˇ්āļģāˇ āļිāļģීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļāļ්āļ්āˇāļēෙāļą් āļāˇāˇ් āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āļ āļŠු āļාāļŊāļēāļිāļą් āļąිāļ´āļ¯āˇිāļē āˇැāļිāļē. āˇāļģ්āļāļ¸ාāļąāļēේ āļŊාāļ්āˇා āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āļąිāˇ්āļ´ාāļ¯āļąāļēේ āļ´්āļģāˇāļĢāļාāˇ āļ¸ෙāļēāļēි. āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āˇැāļŠ āˇāļŗāˇා āļļāˇුāļŊāˇ āļˇාāˇිāļ āˇāļą්āļąේ āļļුāļģුāļŊ් āļŊාāļāļŠ āˇුāˇāļ් āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļු āˇැāļŠ āˇāļŗāˇා āˇැāļ¸āˇිāļ§āļ¸ āļāļ¯ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļˇාāˇිāļ āļāˇ āļēුāļූāļē. āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļු āˇැāļŠ āˇāļŗāˇා āļļුāļģුāļŊ් āļŊාāļāļŠ āļˇාāˇිāļāļē āļ āļēෝāļ්āļē āˇෙāļēිāļą් āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āˇැāļŠ āˇා āļąිāļēāļ´ොāļු āˇැāļŠ āļ¸ිāˇ්āļģ āļāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļāļēේāļ¯ී āļ´āļ§්āļ§āļŊ් āˇැāļŠ āļොāļ§āˇ āˇāļŗāˇා āļ¯ āļāļ¯ āļŊාāļāļŠ āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļ් āļˇාāˇිāļ āļිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āˇිāļ¯ුāˇේ. āļāļŠැāļ්āļි, āļ´ෙāļ§්āļ§āļāļ¸්, āļļුāļŊāļ් āļāļ§්āļ§ු, āˇෙāļģāļ්āļාāļŊ, āˇෝāļ´ා, āˇොāļģāļĢෑ āļāļ¯ී āļˇාāļĢ්āļŠ āļ¸ෙāļී āļ¸ිāˇ්āļģ āļāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ āļුāˇ ිāļą් āļ¸āļąාāˇ āļąිāļ´āļ¯āˇිāļē āˇැāļ.
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